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1、ChapterFourDevelopingParagraphsI.ConceptAparagraphisagroupofrelatedsentencesdevelopingonecentralidea,orexpressingoneunitofthought.II.Fundamentalfeatures1.UnityUnitymeansoneness,thecombinationofallelementstoformasingleunit.Inawell-organizedorunifiedparagraphthereisacentralthe
2、me,andeverysentencecontributestotheexplanationofthistheme.Thethemeofaparagraphisoftensummarizedinonesentencecalledthetopicsentence.Thisusuallyappearsatthebeginning,butmayalsobefoundinthemiddleorattheendofaparagraph.Sometimesthereisnotopicsentenceinaparagraph,butitisunifiedan
3、dhasasinglefocus.2.CoherenceCoherencereferstoconnectionandorganization.Acoherentparagraphisoneinwhichthesentencesarearrangedinaclearlogicalorder,andthetransitionsaresmoothandnatural.Asaresult,thereadersfinditeasytofollowthewriter’strainofthoughtandunderstandwhatheistalkingab
4、out.3.TransitionCoherenceisachievedmainlybythelogicalsequenceofideas.Sometimesitisnecessarytousepropertransitions:a.parallelconstructionsb.repetitionofwordsorphrasesc.therestatementofanideaindifferentwordsd.pronounsthatrefertonouninproceedingsentences.e.Transitionalwordsandp
5、hrases,likefurther,finally,nevertheless,similarly,consequently,ontheotherhand,etc.maybeusedtomaketheconnectionclear.Butthesewordsarenotbeusedtoooften,fortheymaymakeapassagesoundunnatural.4.LengthHowlongaparagraphshouldbedependsonitstopicanditspositionintheessay.Thetopicofapa
6、ragraphshouldbeadequatelydevelopedbydetails,explanationsetc,sothatthereadermayhaveaclearideaofwhatthewriterintendstosay.Inotherwords,aparagraphshouldgivethereaderafeelingofcompleteness.Aparagraphthatpresentsoneofthemainfactsorideasofanessaymaybequitelong,whileonethatservesas
7、abeginning,atransition,oraconclusionmaybemuchshorter.III.Waysofdevelopingaparagraph1.PlanningaparagraphParagraphsneedtobedeveloped.First,thinkofthetopicorthemeormainideas,andexpressitinacompletesentence(topicsentence).Thenthinkofthedetailsorexamplesorfactsthatmaybeneededtosu
8、pportorexplainthemainidea.Arrangetheminalogicalorder,andyouhavearoughplanof
