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1、RoleofRegionalTradeAgreementswithSpecificFocusontheAsia-PacificTradeAgreementTizianaBonapaceChief,TradePolicySectionTradeandInvestmentDivision,UNESCAPInternationalWorkshopon“CentralAsiaandChina:EconomicRelations,CurrentSituationandProspects”11-12July2006,SiamCit
2、yHotel,BangkokRTAsinAsiaandthePacificEvolutionofAsia-PacificRegionalismBroadly3wavesFirstwave(50s/60s/70s):1950ConferenceonAsian/AfricancooperationinBandung,Indonesia,theprecursorofthenon-alignedmovement.Import-substitutionindustrializationstrategybecomesdevelop
3、mentmodel.South-Southcooperationbasedonstrategicselectionoftariffliberalizationamongmemberstopromoteindustrialization.Inwardlookingwithhightariffwallstokeepoutimportscompetingwith“infantindustries”.FirstRTAsignedin1975:BangkokAgreementSecondwave(80s/90s):unsusta
4、inabilityofimport-substitutionmodel,globalizationacceleratesandresultsinnorth/southinterdependence.Outward-oriented,“openregionalism”i.e.fasterliberalizationamongRTA“friends”whileatthesametimeloweringbarrierstothirdpartiesSecondwave:EstablishmentofAPECbasedonnon
5、-discriminatoryprinciplesinitsstrictestinterpretation,conclusionofURRapidincreaseinmembershiptoGATT/WTO.RegionalismandmultilateralismentergoldenageofmutuallysupportiveliberalizationThirdwave(Late1990s-present):financialcrisisstallingofAPECprocessofliberalization
6、stalwartsofMFN(JapanandRok)turnregional,aswellasChinawhocompletesmostdifficultpartofinternaltransformation.Neweraofdeepandwideeconomicpartnershipagreements,withFTAascore,butmuchwidereconomiccooperationaswellBilateralismiskeyfeatureEvolutionofAsia-PacificRegional
7、ismWhereDoesAsia-PacificStand?:NewAgeRegionalismDespitedensityofagreements,concludedagreementsaregenerally‘lite’,particularlythoseamongdevelopingcountriesliberalizationshiftedtofuture(10yearsormore)significantexceptionsingoodsrulesoforiginrestrictiveservicesnotc
8、overedinvestmentscovered,butfocusmoreoninvestorprotectionthanlockingininvestmentliberalizationdisputeresolutionmechanismsnotwelldefinedHowever,agreementsinvolvingdeve
