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1、FinalexaminationforIntroductiontoLinguistics(January,2015)I.Translation(1X20=20%):ChineseintoEnglish=10EnglishintoChinese=10II.Fillintheblanks(2X15=30%):FillintheblanksinsentencesusinglinguistictermsIII.Definitions(4X5=20%)IV.Shortessays(15X2=30%)RevisionI.Termsforsectio
2、nsI,II,andIII.Chapter7:1)sociolinguistics社会语言学Sociolinguisticsmightbedefinedasthestudyofcorrelationsbetweenlinguisticvariables(e.g.theprecisephoneticqualityofavowel,orthepresenceorabsenceofacertainelementinasystemandnon-linguisticvariablessuchasthesocialclassofspeakers,t
3、heirage,sex,hometown,etc.2)theSapir-Whorfhypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫假说AmericanAnthropologicallinguisticsLinguisticdeterminism:Languagedeterminesourwayofthinking.Linguisticrelativity:similaritybetweenlanguagesisrelative,thegreatertheirstructuraldifferentiationis,themorediversetheirc
4、onceptualizationoftheworldwillbe.3)linguisticdeterminism语言决定论Languagedeterminesourwayofthinking.4)linguisticrelativity语言相对论Similaritybetweenlanguagesisrelative,thegreatertheirstructuraldifferentiationis,themorediversetheirconceptualizationoftheworldwillbe.5)thecontextofs
5、ituation情景语境AccordingtoHalliday,thecontextofsituationcontainsthreecomponents:（1）Fieldofdiscourse:thesubjectmatterbeingdiscussed.（2）Tenorofdiscourse:thesocialrelationsbetweentheparticipantsofconversations（3）Modeofdiscourse:thechannelofcommunication6)communicativecompetenc
6、e交际能力TheimplicationsfromsociolinguisticsforlanguageteachingiscalledcommunicativecompetenceHymes:(1)Whether(andtowhatdegree)somethingisformallypossible.(2)Whether(andtowhatdegree)somethingisfeasible,invirtueofthemeansofimplementationavailable.(3)Whether(andtowhatdegree)so
7、methingisappropriate(adequate,happy,successful)inrelationtothecontextinwhichitisusedandevaluated.(4)Whether(andtowhatdegree)somethingisinfactdone,actuallyperformed,andwhatitsdoingentails.M.CanaleandM.Swain:(1)Grammaticalcompetence(2)Sociolinguisticcompetence(3)Discoursec
8、ompetence(4)Strategiccompetence7)womanregister女性用语AccordingtoLakoff,thereexistsawomanregisterinlanguage
