语言学课件 Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics

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1、上课前的话《英语语言学概论课程》的总体教学目的：发展语言意识，培养理性思维2.什么是语言学及其语言学的研究内容语言学：thescientificstudyofhumanlanguage语言学的研究内容：语言本体研究及其语言与其他学科的交叉研究3.语言学学习应注意的方面1)术语问题2）语言学理论问题3）语言学研究方法问题4）语言学研究名家5）对学术语言（语言学元语言）的适应和把握6）学习习惯问题语言学学习开始感到枯燥乏味很正常，只要坚持下去，就会为我们观察世界以及认识我们自己打开一扇窗户，收获到新的发现！ChapterOneInvi

2、tationstoLinguistics1.1WhyStudyLanguage?1.SomemythsaboutlanguageLanguageisonlyameansofcommunication.Languagehasaform-meaningcorrespondence.Thefunctionoflanguageistoexchangeinformation.EnglishismoredifficulttolearnthanChinese.BlackEnglishisnotstandardandshouldbereforme

3、d.2.SomefundamentalviewsaboutLChildrenlearntheirnativelanguageswiftly,efficientlyandwithoutinstruction.Languageoperatesbyrules.Alllanguageshavethreemajorcomponents:asoundsystem,asystemoflexicogrammarandasystemofsemantics.Everyonespeaksadialect.Languageslowlychanges.Sp

4、eakersofalllanguagesemployarangeofstylesandasetofjargons.Languagesareintimatelyrelatedtothesocietiesandindividualswhousethem.Writingisderivativeofspeech.3.Thestudyoflanguageisusefulformanydifferentreasons.Awayoffindingmoreabout:howthebrainworks,howchildrenlearnlanguag

5、e,howpeoplelearnandteachdifferentlanguages,whatistherelationshipbetweenmeaningandperception,whatistheroleoflanguageindifferentcultures,whypeopleusedifferentvarietiesoflanguage,whytherearelinguisticdifferencesbetweendifferentgroups,…Languageplaysacentralroleinourlivesa

6、sindividualsandsocialbeings.1.2WhatisLanguage?Webster’sNewWorldDictionary:a.humanspeechb.theabilitytocommunicatebyhumanspeechc.asystemofvocalsoundsandcombinationsofsoundstowhichmeaningisattributed,usedfortheexpressionorcommunicationofthoughtsandfeelingsd.thewrittenrep

7、resentationofsuchasystem“Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.”Itisinstrumentalinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.Itissocialandconventionalinthatlanguageisasocialsemioticandcommunicationcanonlytakeplaceeffectivelyifalltheusersshareabroadunderstand

8、ingofhumaninteractionincludingsuchassociatedfactorsasnonverbalcues,motivation,andsocio-culturalroles.1.3DesignFeaturesofLang