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1、PhilosophyofLogicPHILOSOPHYOFLOGICSecondEditionw.V.QuineHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,MassachusettsandLondon,EnglandCopyright©1970,1986byW.V.QuineAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataQuine,W.V.(WillardVanOrman)
2、Philosophyoflogic.Bibliography:p.Includesindex.1.Logic.2.Philosophy.I.TitleBC51.Q5198616085-24734ISBN0-674-66563-5TomydaughterElizabethRobertsPREFACE,1886"Contrariwise,"continuedTweedledee,"ifitwasso,itmightbe;andifitwereso,itwouldbe;butasitisn't,itain't.That'slogic."-Le
3、wisCarrollWeshallbeoccupiedinthisbookwiththephilosophyoflogicinsubstantiallyTweedledee'ssenseoftheword'logic'.Thisisnottheinvariablesenseoftheword.Precedentcouldbecitedforapply•ingthewordcollectivelytotwodissimilarstudies:deductiveandinductivelogic.Thephilosophyofinducti
4、velogic,however,wouldbeinnowaydistinguishablefromphilosophy'smainstem,thethe•oryofknowledge.Whatcallsforadistinctivebitofphilosophyisdeductivelogic,thedisciplinethatTweedledeehadinmind.IfpressedtosupplementTweedledee'sostensivedefinitionoflogicwithadiscursivedefinitionof
5、thesamesubject,Iwouldsaythatlogicisthesystematicstudyofthelogicaltruths.Pressedfurther,Iwouldsaytoreadthisbook.SinceIseelogicastheresultantoftwocomponents,truthandgrammar,Ishalltreattruthandgrammarprominently.ButIshallargueagainstthedoctrinethatthelogicaltruthsaretruebec
6、auseofgrammar,orbecauseoflanguage.Thenotionsofpropositionandmeaningwillreceiveadversetreatment.Settheorywillbecomparedandcontrastedwithlogic,andwayswillbeexaminedofdisguisingeachtoresembletheother.Thestatusandclaimsofalternativelogicswillbediscussed,andreasonswillbeadduc
7、edforbeingthankfulforwhatwehave.viiviiiPrefaceThebookwassparkedbytwoinvitationsin1968:onefromPro•fessorsElizabethandMonroeBeardsleytowriteabookonphiloso•phyoflogicfortheirFoundationsofPhilosophyseries,andonefromtheCollegedeFrancetogivetwelvelecturesonlaphilosophiedelalog
8、ique.IcompletedadraftofthebookandthensettleddowntoderivemyFrenchlectures.ThebookimprovedintheFrenchver•
