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1、HilaryPutnamHermesLectures:IEthicsWithoutMetaphysicsAboutfortyyearsago,myfamouscolleagueWillardvanOrmanQuine,whoalas!passedawayinDecember2000,heardatalkatHarvardbyafamousphilosopher(whomIshallnotname).Quinewasaskedafterwardswhathethoughtofthetalk,andin
2、hisbeautifullycivilizedwayhesaidverygently,“Hepaintswithabroadbrush”.Thenhepaused,andlesskindlyadded,“andhethinkswithonetoo!”.Inthisopeninglecture,Itooshallbe“paintingwithabroadbrush”,tryingtoexplaininaverygeneralwaywhatitisthatIshallbetryingtocoverint
3、hesefourlectureswiththeirperhapsover-ambitioustitles.Insubsequentlectures,however,Iwilluseafinerbrush,andIhopethatthoseofyouwhohearallfourofthemwillcomeawayfeelingthatIdonotthinkwithabroadbrush,evenifIsometimespaintwithone.WhatdoImeanby“ontology”?Theti
4、tleofthissetoflecturesis“EthicsWithoutOntology”.IknowthatinEurope(atleastinsomecountries)theword“ontology”ismoreapttobeassociatedwithHeidegger’s“fundamentalontology”thanwiththetraditionalinquirythatgoesbacktoAristotle’sMetaphysics,orwiththeparticularin
5、flectionthatcontemporaryanalyticphilosophyhasgiventothenotionofontologysincethepublicationofQuine’sfamouspaper“OnWhatThereIs”in1948.Since,likeHeidegger,Iamcriticaloftheontologicaltradition(althoughnotexactlyforhisreasons-Heideggerneverdeignedtolearnmuc
6、haboutanalyticphilosophy)-1HilaryPutnamHermesLectures:Icritical,thatis,ofwhatHeideggerscornedas“ontotheology”–and,likeHeideggeragain,Ithinkphilosophyneedstotakethewaysofthinkingthatareindispensableineverydaylifemuchmoreseriouslythantheontotheologicaltr
7、aditionhasbeenwillingtodo,itmightseemthatImustinsomewaybeinHeidegger’scamp,orperhapsbeapproachingsomeofHeidegger’sconclusionsfromaWittgensteiniandirection.Butthatisn’twhatIwishtodointheselectures.Heideggerwasnottheonlymajorphilosopherinthetwentiethcent
8、urytovaluetheLebenswelt,the“life-world”,andtocondemnthetendencyofmetaphysicians(includingsomemetaphysicianswhocallthemselves“analyticphilosophers”)totakeitlessthanseriously.ThatdescriptionfitstheAmericanpragmatists,especiallyJohnDeweyas
