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《() Kant - [1790] [n.d.] - The Science of Right (trans. W. Hastie)电子版》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、1790THESCIENCEOFRIGHTbyImmanualKanttranslatedbyW.HastieINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONTOTHESCIENCEOFRIGHT.GENERALDEFINITIONS,ANDDIVISIONS.A.WhattheScienceofRightis.TheScienceofRighthasforitsobjecttheprinciplesofallthelawswhichitispossibletopromulgatebyexternallegislation.Wherethereissuchalegislation,itbe
2、comes,inactualapplicationtoit,asystemofpositiverightandlaw;andhewhoisversedintheknowledgeofthissystemiscalledajuristorjurisconsult(jurisconsultus).Apracticaljurisconsult(jurisperitus),oraprofessionallawyer,isonewhoisskilledintheknowledgeofpositiveexternallaws,andwhocanapplythemtocasesthatmayoccuri
3、nexperience.Suchpracticalknowledgeofpositiveright,andlaw,mayberegardedasbelongingtojurisprudence(jurisprudentia)intheoriginalsenseoftheterm.Butthetheoreticalknowledgeofrightandlawinprinciple,asdistinguishedfrompositivelawsandempiricalcases,belongstothepurescienceofright(jurisscientia).Thescienceof
4、rightthusdesignatesthephilosophicalandsystematicknowledgeoftheprinciplesofnaturalright.Anditisfromthissciencethattheimmutableprinciplesofallpositivelegislationmustbederivedbypracticaljuristsandlawgivers.B.WhatisRight?Thisquestionmaybesaidtobeaboutasembarrassingtothejuristasthewell-knownquestion,"W
5、hatistruth?"istothelogician.Itisallthemoreso,if,onreflection,hestrivestoavoidtautologyinhisreplyandrecognisethefactthatareferencetowhatholdstruemerelyofthelawsofsomeonecountryataparticulartimeisnotasolutionofthegeneralproblemthusproposed.Itisquiteeasytostatewhatmayberightinparticularcases(quidsitj
6、uris),asbeingwhatthelawsofacertainplaceandofacertaintimesayormayhavesaid;butitismuchmoredifficulttodeterminewhetherwhattheyhaveenactedisrightinitself,andtolaydownauniversalcriterionbywhichrightandwrongingeneral,andwhatisjustandunjust,mayberecognised.Allthismayremainentirelyhiddenevenfromthepractic
7、aljuristuntilheabandonhisempiricalprinciplesforatimeandsearchinthepurereasonforthesourcesofsuchjudgements,inordertolayarealfoundationforactualpositivelegislation.Inthissearch,hisempiricallawsmay,indeed,furnishhim