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1、Theperitoneumandtheabdominalorgans1腹膜及腹腔脏器（1）主讲：许杰华E-mail:xujiehua@mail.xjtu.edu.cn西安交通大学医学院人体解剖与组织胚胎学系Outline讲授大纲概述Introduction腹壁层次Thelayersoftheabdominalwall腹壁的重要局部Theimportantregionsofabdominalwall腹腔、腹膜及腹膜腔Abdominalcavity,peritoneumandperitonealcavity腹腔重要脏器局解Theimportantorgan
2、sofabdominalcavity胃；肝脏；肝外胆道；肾脏腹腔、腹膜和腹膜腔(Abdominalcavity,PeritoneumandPeritonealcavity)基本概念：腹腔腹膜（壁腹膜和脏腹膜）腹膜腔TheintroductionoftheperitoneumDefinitionTheperitoneumisathinserousmembranethatlinesthewallsoftheabdominalandpelviccavitiesandcovertheorganswithinthetwocavitiesSubdivisionsa
3、ndperitonealcavityParietalperitoneum壁腹膜－linesthewallsoftheabdominalandpelviccavitiesVisceralperitoneum脏腹膜－coverstheorgansPeritonealcavity腹膜腔－thepotentialspacebetweentheparietalandviscerallayerofperitoneum.Isthereanyorgansintheperitonealcavity?Theperitonitisisverycommonforfemale!
4、Formale,itisaclosedsac.Butforfemale,thereisacommunicationwiththeexteriorthroughtheuterinetubes,theuterus,andthevagina.FunctionSecretesalubricatingserousfluidthatcontinuouslymoistenstheassociatedorgansSupportandprotectviscusSemipermeablemembrane(Peritonealdialysis)AbsorptionThere
5、lationshipbetweenvisceraandperitoneumIntraperitonealvisceraInterperitonealvisceraRetroperitonealvisceraIntraperitonealviscera腹膜内位器官－visceracompletelysurroundedbyperitoneum,example,stomach,superiorpartofduodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,vermiformappendix,transverseandsigmoidcolons,spl
6、eenandovaryInterperitonealviscera腹膜间位器官－mostpartofviscerasurroundedbyperitoneum,example,liver,gallbladder,ascendinganddescendingcolons,upperpartofrectum,urinarybladderanduterusRetroperitonealviscera腹膜外位器官－someorganslieontheposteriorabdominalwallandarecoveredbyperitoneumontheiran
7、teriorsurfacesonly,example,kidney,suprarenalgland,pancreas,descendingandhorizontalpartsofduodenum,middleandlowerpartsofrectum,andureterStructuresformedbyperitoneumOmentum网膜ThefoldofperitoneumthatextendsfromtwocurvaturesofstomachtoadjacentorgansLesseromentum小网膜two-layeredfoldofpe
8、ritoneumwhichextendsfromportahepatistolessercur
