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1、MILLENNIUMREVIEWTwenty-fiveyearsofchemicalecologyJeffreyB.HarbornePlantScienceLaboratories,TheUniversityofReading,Reading,UKRG66ASReceived(inCambridge,UK)1stMarch2001FirstpublishedasanAdvanceArticleontheweb29thMay20011Introductiondescribedthesemetabolitesas“trigg
2、er”substances,which2Sequestrationofplantmetabolitesbyinsectsinduceorpreventtheuptakeofnutrientsbyanimalherbivores.53RoleofchemistryinplantdefenceIn1964,EhrlichandRavenwereamongthefirsttopropose3.1Thephenolicbarrieradefinedecologicalroleforplantproductsasdefenceage
3、nts3.2Toxicterpenoidsagainstinsectherbivory.Theyproposedthat,throughthe3.3Nitrogen-basedtoxinsprocessofco-evolution,insectsareabletodetoxifycertain3.4Otheraspectsofplantdefencedefensiveagentsthatdeterfeedingsothat,eventually,thesame4Plantcompoundsinvolvedininsec
4、tovipositiondeterrentsubstancesbecomefeedingattractants.Sucha4.1Ovipositionstimulantshypothesishelpstoexplaintherelativelyrestrictedfeeding4.2Ovipositiondeterrentspreferencesofmanyinsects,e.g.therestrictionofthecabbage5Floralvolatilesandpollinationwhitebutterflyt
5、oplantswhichcontainglucosinolate.Since6Nectarandpollenconstituentsthen,thisbasichypothesishasundergonemodificationstotake7Fruitchemistryandseeddispersalbyanimalsintoaccounttheecologicaldifferencebetweenso-calledappar-68Conclusionent(trees)andnon-apparent(herbs)pl
6、antsandthefactthat7,89Referencessecondarycompoundsarecostlyfortheplanttosynthesise.AthirdimportanteventinthehistoryofchemicalecologywastherecognitionthatLepidopterawithwarningcoloration1Introductionhavetheabilitytoutiliseplanttoxinsfortheirownprotection.9Chemica
7、lecologyhasbeendefinedas‘thepromotionofanThus,Reichsteinetal.in1968establishedthatMonarchecologicalunderstandingoftheorigin,functionandsignifi-butterfliessequesterandstoretheheartpoisonsorcardiacgly-canceofnaturalchemicalsthatmediateinteractionswithinandcosidespres
8、entintheirfoodplants,namelyspeciesofAsclepias.110betweenorganisms’.OnemajorstrandinthedevelopmentofBroweratthesametimeshowedthatthecardiacglycosideschemicalecologywas
