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1、ReviewTRENDSinEcology&EvolutionVol.16No.1January20014523Holmes,E.C.etal.(1999)TheinfluenceofandspeciesboundariesintheHawaiiancricketTimarchagoettingensiscomplex(Coleoptera,recombinationonthepopulationstructureandgenusLaupala.Mol.Phylogenet.Evol.11,332–341Chrysomelidae).Mol.Eco
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3、nationalandfromspecies-levelphylogenies.Am.Nat.155,relationships.Eur.J.Epidemiol.8,3–9mutationalhotspotswithinthehumanlipoprotein419–43429Lapointe,F-J.Howtoaccountforreticulationlipasegene.Am.J.Hum.Genet.66,69–8327Gómez-Zurita,J.etal.(2000)Nestedcladisticeventinphylogeneticana
4、lysis:areviewof25Shaw,K.L.(1999)Anestedanalysisofsonggroupsanalysis,phylogeographyandspeciationinthedistance-basedmethods.J.Classif.(inpress)Ecologyofsproutinginwoodyplants:thepersistencenicheWilliamJ.BondandJeremyJ.MidgleyTheecologyofsproutinghasanalogiestoManywoodyplantscanr
5、esproutandmanyecosystemsaredominatedbyclonality6.However,althoughclonalplantsgenerallyresprouters.Theypersistinsituthroughdisturbanceeventssuchasfire,floodingsprout,onlyasmallfractionofwoodysproutersareorwindstorms.However,theimportanceof‘persistence’inplantdemographyclonaland
6、capableofvegetativespread.Sproutinghasbeenneglectedinfavourof‘recruitment’.Thusmuchresearchonplantresponseisdifficulttoquantifypartlybecausethereregeneration,conservationandevolutionhasfocusedontheimportanceofsafeisacontinuumofresponsestodisturbancesofvaryingsites,seedandseedl
7、ingbanks,dispersalandgerminationwiththeimpliedseverity7.Thiscouldpartlyaccountforitsabsenceimportanceofdenovoreplacementratherthanpersistence.Recentresearchfromgeneralplantstrategyschemes(Box1).Aftershowsagrowingappreciationfortheroleofsproutingasaformofpersistenceintheleastse
8、veredisturbance,suchasdamagecausedadiversityofecosystemsandtr