DevelopmentCameraCalibrationMethodsModels摄像机标定技术的发展 方法与模型

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1、THEDEVELOPMENTOFCAMERACALIBRATIONMETHODSANDMODELS12ByT.A.CLARKEandJ.G.FRYER1.DepartmentofElectrical,Electronic,andInformationEngineering,CityUniversity,London,UK.2.DepartmentofCivilEngineeringandSurveying,TheUniversityofNewcastle,Australia.AbstractCorrectionforimagedistortionincamerashasbeenanimp

2、ortanttopicforaslongasusershavewantedtofaithfullyreproduceoruseobservedinformation.Initiallythemainapplicationwasmapping.Whilethistaskcontinuestodayotherapplicationsalsorequireprecisecalibrationofcamerassuchascloserange3-Dmeasurementandmany2-Dmeasurementtasks.Inthepastthecamerasusedwerefewinnumbe

3、randhighlyexpensivewhereastodayatypicallargeindustrialcompanywillhavemanyinexpensivecamerasbeingusedforhighlyimportantmeasurementtasks.Camerasareusedmoretodaythantheyeverwerebutthegoldenageofcameracalibrationforaerialmappingisnowwellinthepast.Thispaperconsiderssomeofthekeydevelopmentsandattemptst

4、oputthemintoperspective.Inparticularthedrivingforcesbehindeachimprovementhavebeenhighlighted.INTRODUCTIONAcameraconsistsofaimageplaneandalenswhichprovidesatransformationbetweenobjectspaceandimagespace.Thistransformationcannotbedescribedperfectlybyaperspectivetransformationbecauseofdistortionswhic

5、hoccurbetweenpointsontheobjectandthelocationoftheimagesofthosepoints.Thesedistortionscanbemodelled.However,themodelmayonlybeanapproximationtotherealrelationship.Howcloselythemodelconformstorealitywilldependonthemodelandhowwellthemodelsparameterscanbeestimated.Choosingparameterswhicharebothnecessa

6、ryandsufficienthastaxedthoseinvolvedintheprocessoflenscalibrationforaslongaslenseshavebeenusedtomakeprecisemeasurements.Inrecentyearslenscalibrationhasreceivedlessattentionthanintheperiodfrom1950-1970.Thismaybeattributedtothematurityofunderstandingofaeriallenseswhichinthepastprovidedmuchofthestim

7、ulusforthedevelopmentofmodelsandcalibrationmethods.Also,thewidespreaduseofselfcalibrationusingbundleadjustmentmethodshasmeantthatahighlevelofperformancehasbecomecommonplace.Itmaybearguedthatthecurrentstaticsituationmea