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1、NOMENCLATUREFORCENTROMERICPOSITIONONCHROMOSOMESByALBERTLEVAN,KARLFREDGAandAVERYA.SANDBERGINSTITUTEOFGENETICS,LUND,SWEDEN,ANDROSWELLPARKMEMORIALINSTITUTE,BUFFALO,N.Y.,U.S.A.(ReceivedNovember28th,1964)I.INTRODUCTIONINtheinorphologicidentificationofchromosomes,thelocationofthecentr
2、omereisthemostusefullandmark,andonewhichischarac-terizedbygreatconstancy.ItwouldseemthatnotmuchcouldbeaddedtothedefinitionsbyE.B.WILSON(1928)ofthelocationsonthechro-mosomeofthecentrornereor,intheterminologyofthattime,thespindleattachment:“Attachmentofthechromosometothespindleisc
3、ommonlylimitedtoasmallarea,andisoftwogeneraltypes,namely:(1)terminnlortelomiticand(2)non-ferminaloratelomitic,beingintheformercaseatoneend,andinthelatteratsomeotherpointorpoints.Non-terminalattachmentmaybeatthemiddlepoint(median)oratanintermediatepoint(submedian,sub-terminal).Al
4、lgradationsexistbetweenthesevariouscases;”(I.c.,p.130-131).Intheacconi-panyingpicture(l.c.,Fig.56,p.132),herereprintedasFig.l.,thefourlocationsofmedian,submedian,subterminalandterminalarerepre-sented,and,inaddition,“lateral”,whichcorrespondstothemodernterm“diffusecentromere”.Nev
5、ertheless,atthepresenttime,withtheimmenseincreaseinre-searchactivityinmammaliancytology,theterminologyofthecentro-mericpositionhasbecomeburdenedbymuchobscurityandconfusion.Onecauseofconfusionisthatdifferentauthors,andeventhesameauthorondifferentoccasions,haveusedthetermsmedian,s
6、ubmedianetc.withgreatamplitude,anditisoftendifficulttoknowinaspecificcasewhateachtermsignifies.Anothercauseofconfusionisthatasetoftermsforchromosomeswithspecificcentromericpositions,suchasmetacentric,acrocentric,telocentric,havecomeintowideusagewith-outbeingclearlydefinedinrelat
7、iontothepositionaltermsmedian,submedian,subterminalandterminal.Duringthespringof1963thepresentwritersexchangedepistolary202ALBERTLEVAN.KARLFREDGAANDAVERYA.SANDBERGLateralMedian11MedianSub-medianitSub-terminalTerminalJL----Fig.1.“Typesofchromosome-attachmentsandtheirresultsduring
8、thesomaticmito-ses.Thespindle-fiberattachmentsi
