seminar nomenclature

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1、Inorganicchemicalnomenclature(textbook:12-25)METALSNONMETALSSEMIMETALSAlkalimetalsAlkalineearthmetalsChalcogensHalogensNoblegaseshttp://www.tjmgj.com钢筋调直切断机钢筋切断机抹光机http://www.u51688.comhttp://www.qiwhy.comElectronegativityOxidationstate(oxidationnumber)ValenceIoniccharge-"rea

2、lelectriccharge"cations:Na+Ca2+Al3+anions:Cl-SO42-ChemicalformulasWehaveseveraltypesofformulas:(accordingtotheinformationtheycontain)1)Empiricalformula2)Molecularformula3)"Condensedformula"4)Structuralformula5)Structuralformulashowingunsharedelectrons1)EMPIRICAL-relativenumbe

3、rofeachtypeofatom(ratiooftheelements)-e.g.H2SO4Al2O3CH2O2)MOLECULAR-realnumberofatomsinthemolecule-e.g.H2SO4Al2O3C6H12O63)"CONDENSED"(functionalgroups)-characteristicgroupsofatoms(=functionalgroups)-e.g.Mg(OH)2(NH4)2SO4K4[Fe(CN)6]4)STRUCTURAL-typesandarrangementofbondsbetween

4、atoms5)STRUCTURALwithunsharedelectrons-showsalsounshared(non-bonding)electronpairsLatinnomenclature(INN)INN=InternationalNonproprietaryNames-intendedtobeusedworldwidefortheidentificationofagivenpharmaceuticalsubstance-freeofanyprotectionofrightsofownership-recommendationscome

5、fromWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)"Drugnames"TRADENAME-registeredtopharmaceuticalcompany-protectionofrightsofownershipCHEMICALNAME-long,difficultGENERICNAME(INN)–"free"e.g.simvastatinum-tradenamesintheCzechrepublic:Zocor,Simgal,Simvor,Vasilip,SimvastatinAL,APO-Simva,......-stat

6、inumdrugforloweringcholesterolSymbolsofchemicalelements-derivedfromLATINnameKKaliumNNitrogeniumNaNatriumBBorumBrBromumAgArgentumArArgonumAsArsenumEnglishname--->symbol?leadLLePlumbumPbTriptolinguistics(morphology)PREFIXSTEMofthewordSUFFIX(ending)hypo-chlor-ateLatinisahighlyi

7、nflectedlanguage.nouns-sixcases-manydeclensions1.nominativeNatrium2.genitiveNatrii3.dativeNatrio4.accusativeNatrium5.vocativeNatrium6.ablativeNatrioGenitiveformsPlumbum-->PlumbiNatrium-->Natriielementnames-usualending:-UMLithium,Ferrum,Cuprum,Calciumgenitiveform-ILithii,Ferri

8、,Cupri,CalciiElementswithdifferentnamesinEnglishandinLatin!!!Sbantim