《氨基酸和蛋白质》PPT课件

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1、AminoacidsandstructureacidsandbasesProteinstructuremyoglobinandhemoglobincollagenProteinpurificationChromatographyofproteinsElectrophoresisofproteinsProteinsequencingaminoacidsandproteinProteinsarethemostversatilemacromoleculesinlivingsystemsandservecrucial

2、functionsinessentiallyallbiologicalprocesses.Theyfunctionascatalysts,theytransportandstoreothermoleculessuchasoxygen,theyprovidemechanicalsupportandimmuneprotection,theygeneratemovement,theytransmitnerveimpulses,andtheycontrolgrowthanddifferentiationAminoAc

3、idStereoisomers(stereo-isomer)The20standardaminoacidsIonizationaminoacidsBasicStructureofanaminoacidL-AminoacidD-AminoacidThetwoenantiomersofaminoacidEnantiomersEnantiomersaremoleculesthathave oppositespatialconfigurationaresaidtobeopticallyactive.Oneenanti

4、omerwillrotatepolarizedlightasetnumberofdegreestotheright.Thisiscalledthedextrorotatoryisomeror(+)isomer.Theotherenantiomerwillrotatetheplanepolarizedlightthesamenumberofsetdegreesintheoppositeleftdirection.Thisisomerissaidtobealevorotatoryisomeror(-)isomer

5、.ThetwoenantiomersofanaminoacidHydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsHydrophobicaromaticaminoacidsPolarchargedaminoacidsPolarunchargedaminoacidsThe20standardaminoacidsHydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsGly:甘氨酸HH2NCOOHHCglycineHydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsAla:丙氨酸CH3H2NC

6、OOHHCalanineHydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsVal:缬氨酸HH3CCCH3H2NCCOOHHvalineHydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsLeu:亮氨酸HH3CCCH3CH2H2NCCOOHHleucineHydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsisolcuciIle:异亮氨酸CH3CH2H3CCHH2NCCOOHHHydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsCH3SCH2CH2H2NCCOOHHmethio

7、nineMet:甲硫氨酸HydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsHH2CCH2CH2CNCOOHHprolinePro:脯氨酸HydrophobicaliphaticaminoacidsS-HCH2H2NCCOOHHCysteineCys:半胱氨酸HydrophobicaromaticaminoacidsPhe:苯丙氨酸CH2+H3NCHCOOPhenylalanineHydrophobicaromaticaminoacidsTyr:酪氨酸CH2+H3NCHCOOOHTyrosineHyd

8、rophobicaromaticaminoacidsTrp:色氨酸COONHCH2CHH3NTrptophanPolarchargedaminoacidsArg:精氨酸NH2CNH2NHCH2CH2CH2H3NCHCOOArgininePolarchargedaminoacidsLys:赖氨酸NH3+CH2CH2CH2CH2H3NCHCOOLysinePolarchargedaminoacidsHi