8 Dendritic Organelles for Postsynaptic Trafficking

8 Dendritic Organelles for Postsynaptic Trafficking

ID:38812441

大小:5.43 MB

页数:45页

时间:2019-06-19

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1、DendriticOrganellesforPostsynapticTraffickingCyrilHanusandMichaelD.EhlersHowardHughesMedicalInstitute,DepartmentofNeurobiology,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,NC27710,USA,ehlers@neuro.duke.eduAbstract.Thedevelopment,maintenance,andplasticityofsynapsesrequirethetraffickingofmolecularcomponent

2、stopostsynapticspecializationsdistributedacrosselaboratedendriticarbors.Thelargesizeandgeometriccomplexityofdendritesnecessitatespecializedmecha-nismsthatcanbothdeliverpostsynapticcargooverextendeddistancesandregulatedendriticcompositiononasubmicronscale.Despitethefundamentalimportanceofmembran

3、etraffick-inginneuronaldevelopmentandsynapticplasticity,thecellularrulesgoverningpostsynaptictraffickingareonlynowemerging.Wereviewherecurrentknowledgeontheorganizationofdendriticorganelles,anddescribecellbiologicalmechanismsthatallowlong-rangetransportofpostsynapticcomponentsthatarethenlocally

4、processedatindividualsynapses.1IntroductionWithlongandhighlybranchedprocessesextendinguptoseveralhundredmicronsfromthecellbody,neuronshavesurfaceareasupto10,000timesgreaterthantypi-calmammaliancellsanddisplayaremarkabledegreeoflocallyspecifiedphysio-logicalproperties(106).Thesespatiallyrestrict

5、edproperties(e.g.actionpotentialgenerationandneurotransmitterreleaseintheaxon,postsynapticresponsetoneuro-transmittersindendrites,synapse-specificmodificationforlong-lastingplasticity)areduetoahighdegreeofmolecularcompartmentalization,thebasisforwhichisonlynowemerging.Whileinhibitorysynapsesare

6、typicallylocalizedonthedendriticshaft(190),mostexcitatorysynapsesinthebrainarelocalizedonmicron-sizedmembranousprotrusionspresentalongtheentirelengthofdendrites(85).Thesedendriticspinescontactoneormorepresynapticterminals,andthesitesofcontactcontainadensearrayofreceptors,scaffoldproteins,andsig

7、nalingmoleculesatthepostsynapticdensity(PSD)(96).Themolecularcontentofdendriticbranches,individualspines,andthePSDissubjecttorapidandlong-lastingmodificationbasedondevelopmentalstageandpatternsofneuralactivity(45,122,290).Thismult

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