资源描述：
《8 Dendritic Organelles for Postsynaptic Trafficking 》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、DendriticOrganellesforPostsynapticTraffickingCyrilHanusandMichaelD.EhlersHowardHughesMedicalInstitute,DepartmentofNeurobiology,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,NC27710,USA,ehlers@neuro.duke.eduAbstract.Thedevelopment,maintenance,andplasticityofsynapsesrequirethetraffickingofmolecularcomponent
2、stopostsynapticspecializationsdistributedacrosselaboratedendriticarbors.Thelargesizeandgeometriccomplexityofdendritesnecessitatespecializedmecha-nismsthatcanbothdeliverpostsynapticcargooverextendeddistancesandregulatedendriticcompositiononasubmicronscale.Despitethefundamentalimportanceofmembran
3、etraffick-inginneuronaldevelopmentandsynapticplasticity,thecellularrulesgoverningpostsynaptictraffickingareonlynowemerging.Wereviewherecurrentknowledgeontheorganizationofdendriticorganelles,anddescribecellbiologicalmechanismsthatallowlong-rangetransportofpostsynapticcomponentsthatarethenlocally
4、processedatindividualsynapses.1IntroductionWithlongandhighlybranchedprocessesextendinguptoseveralhundredmicronsfromthecellbody,neuronshavesurfaceareasupto10,000timesgreaterthantypi-calmammaliancellsanddisplayaremarkabledegreeoflocallyspecifiedphysio-logicalproperties(106).Thesespatiallyrestrict
5、edproperties(e.g.actionpotentialgenerationandneurotransmitterreleaseintheaxon,postsynapticresponsetoneuro-transmittersindendrites,synapse-specificmodificationforlong-lastingplasticity)areduetoahighdegreeofmolecularcompartmentalization,thebasisforwhichisonlynowemerging.Whileinhibitorysynapsesare
6、typicallylocalizedonthedendriticshaft(190),mostexcitatorysynapsesinthebrainarelocalizedonmicron-sizedmembranousprotrusionspresentalongtheentirelengthofdendrites(85).Thesedendriticspinescontactoneormorepresynapticterminals,andthesitesofcontactcontainadensearrayofreceptors,scaffoldproteins,andsig
7、nalingmoleculesatthepostsynapticdensity(PSD)(96).Themolecularcontentofdendriticbranches,individualspines,andthePSDissubjecttorapidandlong-lastingmodificationbasedondevelopmentalstageandpatternsofneuralactivity(45,122,290).Thismult
