英美文化05 British Religion and Beliefs

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1、英美社会与文化BritishReligionandBeliefsI.Christianity1.TheBritishareChristians—innameatleast.2.JesusChrist(alsocalledJesusofGalilee[5^AlE7li]加利利,巴勒斯坦北部地区 or JesusofNazareth[5nAzEriW]巴勒斯坦地区北部古城,拿撒勒)wasaJewwholivedinPalestine2,000yearsagoandisacceptedbyChristiansasthesonofGod.Hewasmiraculousconceivedbyav

2、irgincalledMary.HisteachingsconflictedwithorthodoxJewishlawsanddoctrinesandat33hewasexecutedbycrucifixion.Itbelievedthatherosefromdead,ascendedintoHeaven,andsenthisspiritintotheheartsofhistwelveapostlestoinspirethemtospreadhisteaching.3.Christ’steachingwasbasedonlove:loveofGodandofourneighbor(ou

3、rfellow-menregardlessofrace).Love,humility,repentanceandprayerleadtoeverlastinghappinessinHeaven.4.TheBible(theholybookofChristianity)consistsoftheOldTestament(39books)andtheNewTestament.(27books)TheOldTestamentcontainstheJewishwritingsbeforethecomingofChristandtheNewTestamentcontainsfouraccount

4、s(“gospels”福音书)ofthelifeofChristfollowedbythewritingsoftheearlyChristians,ofwhomSt.Paulwasthegreatest.ChristiandoctrineasdevelopedbySt.PaulandtheearlyChurchstatesthatJesusChristwasinfactGodintheformofaman,andthatGod(HolyFather),Jesus(HolySon)andtheHolySpiritarethreeaspectsofthesameGod(theTrinity

5、).JesustookuponhimselfthepunishmentofthesinsofmenandhisdeathsavesusfromsinandprovesthatGodloveus.II.ChristianityinBritain1.TheChurchofEngland,ortheAnglicanChurchisoneofthemanyProtestantsectsthatbrokeawayfromtheearlyRomanCatholicChurchduringtheReligiousReformation.Itisan“established”Church,whichm

6、eansthatitrepresentstheofficialstatereligion.Itstemporal(non-priestly)headistheCrown,and26ofitshighestbishopsandArchbishopsinCanterburyandYork(aftertheirretirement)sitintheHouseofLords.RomanCatholicsrecognize(admit)thesupremeholyauthorityofthePopeinRomeandofthechurchorpriesthoodingeneral,buttheA

7、nglicanChurchreliesmoreontheBible.ConcerningtheHolyCommunion,圣餐礼RomanCatholicsbelievethatthebreadandwineactuallybecomethebodyandbloodofChrist,whereasmostAnglicansthinktheyaremerelyrepresentations.(RomanCatholicsdonotadmitthe