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1、英美社会与文化ABriefExplorationofBritishHistoryI.SeveralFamousKingsbefore10661.KingArthur,kingoftheBritonsinthesixthcenturya.d.andtohaveheldcourtatCamelot[5kAmilCt](alegendaryplace).卡米洛特(传说中英国亚瑟王宫廷所在地)2.KingAlfredtheGreat(849-899),kingofWessex(871–899),aSaxonkingdominso
2、uthwesternEngland.HepreventedEnglandfromfallingtotheDanesandpromotedlearningandliteracy.CompilationoftheAnglo-SaxonChroniclebeganduringhisreign,c.890.II.TheMiddleAges1.1066,NormanConquest,WilliamofNormandy2.Crusade,[kru:5seid]themilitaryexpeditionsundertakenbyEur
3、opeanChristiansinthe11th,12th,and13thcenturiestorecovertheHolyLand(Palestine[5pAlistain]whereJesusChristoncelived)fromtheMoslems.[5mCzlem,5mCzlim](TheMoslemswereseenasinfidels.[5infidEl])异端,异教徒(ItmanifestedBritainasaChristiancountry.)3.1337~1453,HundredYears’War,
4、JoanofArc.After1066,theEnglishKingkeptextensiveterritoriesinFrance,whichcausedmanydisputesandfinallythewar.Afterthewar,EnglandbecamecompletelyseveredfromFrance,andtheEnglishlanguagefinallytooktheplaceofFrenchinallclassesofsociety.III.TheRenaissancePeriod1.1455–85
5、,WarsofRoses,(precededthestronggovernmentoftheTudors),FoughtbetweentheHousesofLancaster[5lANkEstE]andYorkfortheEnglishthrone,thewarswerenamedmanyyearsafterwardfromthesupposedbadgesofthecontendingparties:thewhiteroseofYorkandtheredofLancaster.(IntheMiddleAges,then
6、obleswereverypowerful.)2.Greatchangeinreligiousbelief:(1534)ProtestantReformationbyHenryVIII,EstablishmentoftheChurchofEngland(theAnglicanChurch).(EdwardVI,1547-1553)HenryVIII’selderdaughterMary(1553–58)(BloodyMary)wasresponsibleforthecounter-revolution.(Thefirst
7、queentoruleEngland)MarytriedinvaintorestoreRomanCatholicisminEngland.DuringQueenElizabeth(1558–1603),(byname TheVirginQueen, or GoodQueenBess)EnglandasserteditselfvigorouslyasamajorEuropeanpowerinpolitics,commerce(expansiononthesea),andthearts(especiallyliteratur
8、e).3.1588SpanishAmadadefeated(theinvinciblefleet).(TheSpaniardswereCatholics).IV.TheEnglishRevolution1.In1603,JamesI(1566-1625)asJamesVI,ofScotland(1567-1625)s
