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1、BritishReligionThereiscompletereligiousfreedominBritain.Religionhasalwaysplayedanimportantpartinthenationalwayoflifeandthisisstilltruetoday,thoughchangesaretakingplaceandwillcontinuetodoso.TheChurchofEnglandTheArchbishopofCanterburyisthePrimateofallEngland,th
2、atistosay,heisthespiritualleaderoftheChurchofEngland.Afterhim,theArchbishopofYorkiscalledthePrimateofEnglandandunderthesetwoarchbishopscomeanumberofbishops.Englandisdividedintoforty-twodistrictscalleddioceses,eachwithabishopinchargeandacathedralasthecentralch
3、urch.Adioceseisdividedintosmallerdistrictscalledparishes.Thesevaryinsize,alargetownhavinganumberofparishesandavillagebeingasingleparish.Eachparishisinthecareofapriest,whoiscalledeitheravicarorarector.Avicarwithalargeparishmayhaveanassistantpriestcalledacurate
4、tohelphim.TheChurchofEngland(ortheAnglicanChurch)isthenationalchurchinEngland.TheChurchofEngland,andthemonarch'srelationtoit,wasestablishedthroughaseriesofParliamentaryactsinthe1530s,whichbroughtabouttheEnglishReformation.HenryⅧbrokefromtheRomanCatholicChurch
5、bydenyingpapalclaimstoecclesiasticaloranyotherjurisdiction,andbydeclaringhimselfratherthanthePopeasSupremeHeadoftheChurchinEngland.ThePrefacetothe39ArticlesoftheChurchofEnglanddescribesthemonarchas'beingbyGod'sOrdinance,accordingtoourjustTitle,DefenderoftheFa
6、ithand...SupremeGovernoroftheChurchofEngland.'TheMonarchmustbeincommunionwiththeChurchofEngland(i.e.afull,confirmedmember)and,inhisorhercoronationoath,themonarchpromisestomaintaintheChurch.TherearemanyexamplesoftherelationshipbetweentheestablishedChurchandthe
7、State.ArchbishopsandbishopsareappointedbytheQueenontheadviceofthePrimeMinister,whoconsidersthenamesselectedbyaChurchCommission.TheytakeanoathofallegiancetotheQueenonappointmentandmaynotresignwithoutroyalauthority.TheconnectionbetweenChurchandStateisalsosymbol
8、izedbythefactthattheLordsSpiritual(consistingoftheArchbishopsofCanterburyandYorkand24diocesanbishops)sitintheHouseofLords.ParishpriestsalsotakeanoathofallegiancetotheQueen.TheGeneralSynod