英汉句式区别与翻译

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1、Chapter2MajorDifferencesinSentencePatternsbetweenChineseandEnglishObjectives:Bytheendofthischapter,studentsareexpectedtobeableto:1.KnowbasicdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishsentences;2.Learnaboutbasictranslationmethods;3.TranslatebetweenChineseandEnglishsentencesand4.Appreci

2、atesuccessfultranslationandtellthereasons.MaincontentsMajorDifferencesinSentencePatternsbetweenChineseandEnglishI.Hypotacticvsparatactic（形合与意合）Hypotactic----thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives.Paratactic----Thearrangingofclausesoneaftera

3、notherwithoutconnectivesshowingthelogicalrelationbetweenthem.EnglishtendstobehypotacticwhileChinesetendstobeparatactic.Weshouldrememberthetendencyinthetwolanguagesisrelativenotabsolute.ThestructureofEnglishiscomparedtoatreewithvariousbranchesondifferentlevels,whiletheChineseon

4、eiscomparedtoabamboowithonepartafteranother.e.g.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus:thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion;thatweherehighlyrevolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain;tha

5、tthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,andforthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.(AbrahamLincoln,TheGettysburgAddress)(我们应该做的是献身于他们留给我们的伟大任务。我们的先烈已将自己的全部精诚付与我们的事业，我们应从他们的榜样中汲取更多的精神力量，努力使他们的鲜血不致白流。在上帝的保佑下，自由将得到新生。我们这个民有、民治、民享的

6、政府将永存于世上。)两种特征形成的效果是，英语结构紧凑严密；而汉语结构简练明快。英语好像一棵参天大树，一串葡萄，一串珍珠；汉语好比一根竹子，一盘珠子，一波江涛。具体说来，在英语中，主干突出，即主谓机制突出，名词尤其是抽象名词用得多，介词也用得多，英语在表达复杂的思想时，往往开门见山，然后借用英语特有的词汇关系代词，把各个句子有机地结合起来，构成一串串葡萄似的句子。主干可能简单，但上面却借着累累硕果。如：(1)Theisolationoftheruralworld,becauseofdistanceandthelackoftransportfacil

7、ities,iscompoundedbythepaucityoftheinformationmedia.译文：由于距离远，有缺乏交通工具，是农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。(2)Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.(fromHowtoGrowOld)译文：为美好的往昔而遗憾，为逝去的朋友而哀伤，是没有用的。(3)Manproposes,Goddisposes.(paratac

8、tic)谋事在人，成事在天。翻译实例：汉语的意合到英语的形合(4)中国将努力促进粮食生产，正常情况下粮食自给率不低于95％