Unit 2 跨文化交际

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1、Unit2CultureandCommunicationWhatisculture?“文化”是一个广泛的概念，它的内涵很丰富。在英语中,“culture”一词是一个难以解释的词，它最早来源于古法语cultura,拉丁语colere和德语“kultur”，原指土地的开垦及植物的栽培；后来随着人类生存空间和生存方式的改变逐渐扩延，转而意指人的身体、精神，特别是指艺术和道德能力和天赋的培养；进而泛指人类社会在征服自然和自我发展中创造的物质财富和精神财富，包括饮食、器具、舟车、房屋、社会组织、政治制度、风俗习惯

2、、语言、学术思想等。Morethan500definitionsuptothepresent(Refertop.40forsomeofthewell-knownones)Firstdefinition:E.B.Tylor(1871)inPrimitiveCulture:“thatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamem

3、berofasociety.”文化是一种复合的整体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及人们作为社会成员而获得的能力与习惯Broadlyspeaking,itmeansthetotalwayoflifeofapeople,includingthepatternsofbelief,customs,objects,institutions,techniques,andlanguage.Inanarrowsense,itreferstolocalorspecificpractice,beliefsor

4、customs,andlanguage.DefineculturefromdifferentperspectivesFromIntellectualPerspectiveFromAnthropologicPerspectiveFromSocialPerspectiveFromPsychologicalPerspectiveFromInterculturalCommunicationPerspectiveFromIntellectualPerspectiveAccordingtotheConc

5、iseOxfordDictionary,cultureis"theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively".Itreferstointellectualperspective,suchasmusic,art,exhibition,dance,etc.WhenyoutalkaboutPicasso,Beethoven,etc.,youaretalkingaboutculture.FromAn

6、thropologicPerspectiveCultureis"thecustoms,civilizations,andachievementsofaparticulartimeorpeople."Thisisananthropologist'sdefinition.FromSocialPerspectiveCultureiswhatasocietydoesandthinks.Culturecoverseverythingofasociety.FromPsychologicalPerspective

7、Cultureisthecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother.FromInterculturalCommunicationPerspectiveCultureisalearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelyla

8、rgegroupofpeople.CultureIsLearnedWelearnculturefrom__parents__,____teachers____friends___,_otherfamily1members_____,_andevenstrangerswhoarepartoftheculture_.CultureIsaSetofSharedInterpretationsAllcommunicationstakeplaceb