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1、QUALITATIVERESEARCHPRACTICEAGUIDEFORSOCIALSCIENCESTUDENTSANDRESEARCHERSJANERITCHIEJANELEWISCAROLMCNAUGHTONNICHOLLSRACHELORMSTON00_RITCHIE_ET_AL_Prelims.indd325/10/20132:27:11PM1THEFOUNDATIONSOFQUALITATIVERESEARCHRachelOrmston,LizSpencer,MattBarnardandDa
2、wnSnapeChapteroutline••Thenatureofqualitativeresearch••Keyphilosophicalissuesinsocialresearch••Positivismandscientificmethod••Keydevelopmentsandtraditionsinqualitativeresearch••Advancementanddiversificationofqualitativeresearch••Choosinganapproach••The‘
3、approach’withinthisbook101_RITCHIE_ET_AL_01.indd125/10/20132:27:39PM2thefoundationsofqualitativeresearchWebeginwithabriefintroductiontothephilosophicalunderpinnings,historyandtraditionsofqualitativeresearch.Thisisnotintendedasacomprehensiveordetailedacc
4、ount,butratheraseditedhighlightsofsomeofthekeyissuesinaneveradvancingprocess.Thereareseveralreasonswhyitishelpfultounderstandsome-thingofthebackgroundofqualitativeresearchbeforegoingontodiscussthespe-cificsofhowtodoit.First,itisimportanttobeawarethatthe
5、reisnosingle,acceptedwayofcarryingoutqualitativeresearch.Indeed,howresearchersproceeddependsuponarangeoffactors,includingtheirbeliefsaboutthenatureofthesocialworld(ontology),thenatureofknowledgeandhowitcanbeacquired(epistemology),thepurpose(s)andgoalsof
6、theresearch,thecharacteristicsofresearchparticipants,theaudiencefortheresearch,thefunders,andthepositionsandenvironmentsoftheresearchersthemselves.Differencesinthemixofthesefactorshaveledtonumerousvariationsinapproachestoqualitativeresearch.Second,views
7、onwhetherandhowqualityinqualitativeresearchpracticecanorshouldbeassesseddependinpartonpositionsthatpeopleholdonkeyareasofphilosophicaldebate.Inotherwordsthedegreetowhicharesearchstudyisaccepted,andbywhom,willpartlydependontheparticularstance(s)thatthose
8、involved(researchers,funders,participants,etc.)take.Somewritersarguethatdif-ferentmethodologicalapproachesareunderpinnedbyparticularphilosophicalortheoreticalassumptionsandthatresearchersshouldmaintainconsistencybetweentheirphilo
