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1、外文文献翻译河北工程大学建筑学院城市规划1101AKNOWLEDGE-BASEDCONCEPTUALVISIONOFTHESMARTCITYElsaNEGRECamilleROSENTHAL-SABROUXMilaGASCóLAMSADELAMSADECenterforInnovationinCitiesParis-DauphineUniversityParis-DauphineUniversityInstituteforInnovationSIGECADTeamSIGECADTeamandKnowledgeManagementFranceFranceESADE-Ramon
2、LlullUniversityelsa.negre@dauphine.frcamille.rosenthal-sabroux@dauphine.frmila.gasco@esade.eduAbstractThetermsmartcityisafuzzyconcept,notwelldefinedintheoreticalresearchesnorinempiricalprojects.Severaldefinitions,differentfromeachother,havebeenproposed.However,allagreeonthefactthataSmartCi
3、tyisanurbanspacethattendstoimprovethedailylife(work,school,...)ofitscitizens(broadlydefined).Thisisanimprovementfromdifferentpointsofview:social,political,economic,governmental.Thispapergoesbeyondthisdefinitionandproposesaknowledge-basedconceptualvisionofthesmartcity,centeredonpeople’sinfo
4、rmationandknowledgeofpeople,inordertoimprovedecision-makingprocessesandenhancethevalue-addedofbusinessprocessesofthemoderncity.1.IntroductionOverthepastfewdecades,thechallengesfacedbymunicipal,suchasurbangrowthormigration,havebecomeincreasinglycomplexandinterrelated.Inadditiontothetraditio
5、nalland-useregulation,urbanmaintenance,production,andmanagementofservices,governmentsarerequiredtomeetnewdemandsfromdifferentactorsregardingwatersupply,naturalresourcessustainability,education,safety,ortransportation(Gascóetal,2014).Innovation,andtechnologicalinnovationinparticular,canhelp
6、citygovernmentstomeetthechallengesofurbangovernance,toimproveurbanenvironments,tobecomemorecompetitiveandtoaddresssustainabilityconcerns.Sincetheearly90s,thedevelopmentofInternetandcommunicationtechnologieshasfacilitatedthegenerationofinitiativestocreateopportunitiesforcommunicationandinfo
7、rmationsharingbylocalauthorities.ThisphenomenonappearedintheUnitedStatesthenmovedtoEuropeandAsia.Indeed,inoureverydaylife,wearemoreandmoreinvadedbydataandinformation.ThisflowofdataandinformationisoftentheresultofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies(ICT).Mor
