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1、德黑兰的城市规划与发展UrbanplanninganddevelopmentinTehranAliMadanipourDepartmentofArchitecture,PlanningandLandscape,NewcastleUniversity,Newcastle,UnitedKingdomAvailableonline25September2006Withapopulationofaround7millioninametropolitanregionof12millioninhabitants,Tehra
2、nisoneofthelargercitiesoftheworld.Thispaperchartsitsplanninganddevelopmentthroughtheages,particularlysincethemid-20thcentury,aperiodinwhichthecityhasgainedmostofitsphenomenalgrowth.Threephasesareidentifiedinthishistoricalprocess,withdifferenttypesofurbanplan
3、ningexercisedthroughinfrastructuredesignanddevelopment,landuseregulation,andpolicydevelopment._2006ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Planning,Urbangrowth,IraniancitiesPlanningthroughinfrastructuredesignanddevelopment:foundationsforgrowthThefirstphaseofT
4、ehran’splanningreferstotheperiodbeforetheSecondWorldWar,wherebyatleastthreemajoreffortssettheframeworkforthecity’sgrowthanddevelopment:wallingthecity(1550s),expandingthewalledcity(1870s)andbuildinganewurbaninfrastructure(1930s).Theywereallledbythegovernment’
5、sabilityanddesiretoinstigatechangeandshapethecitythroughundertakinglarge-scaleinfrastructureprojects.TehranwasavillageoutsidetheancientcityofRay,whichlayatthefootofmountDamavand,thehighestpeakinthecountry,andattheintersectionoftwomajortradehighways:theeast–w
6、estSilkRoadalongthesouthernedgeofAlburzmountainsandthenorth–southroutethatconnectedtheCaspianSeatothePersianGulf.RayhadbeeninhabitedforthousandsofyearsandwasthecapitaloftheSeljukdynastyinthe11thcentury;however,itdeclinedattheendofthemedievalperiod,whenTehran
7、startedtogrow(Lockhart,1960).Thefirstlarge-scaletownplanningexerciseinTehranwasundertakenin1553,withtheconstructionofabazaarandcitywalls,whichweresquareandhadgatesonfoursides,inaccordancewiththepatternofancientPersiancities(Barthold,1984).Thissettheframework
8、forotherdevelopmentsthatfollowed,andthecitygrewinsignificance,eventuallytobeselectedin1785asthecapitaloftheQajardynasty(1779–1925).Onbecomingthecapital,thecityswelledbycourtiersandsoldiers,whowe
