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1、德黑兰的城市规划与发展UrbanplanninganddevelopmentinTehranAliMadanipourDepartmentofArchitecture,PlanningandLandscape,NewcastleUniversity,Newcastle,UnitedKingdomAvailableonline25September2006Withapopulationofaround7millioninametropolitanregionof12millioninhabitants,Tehranisoneofthelargercit
2、iesoftheworld.Thispaperchartsitsplanninganddevelopmentthroughtheages,particularlysincethemid-20thcentury,aperiodinwhichthecityhasgainedmostofitsphenomenalgrowth.Threephasesareidentifiedinthishistoricalprocess,withdifferenttypesofurbanplanningexercisedthroughinfrastructuredesign
3、anddevelopment,landuseregulation,andpolicydevelopment._2006ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Planning,Urbangrowth,IraniancitiesPlanningthroughinfrastructuredesignanddevelopment:foundationsforgrowthThefirstphaseofTehran’splanningreferstotheperiodbeforetheSecondWorldWar,wher
4、ebyatleastthreemajoreffortssettheframeworkforthecity’sgrowthanddevelopment:wallingthecity(1550s),expandingthewalledcity(1870s)andbuildinganewurbaninfrastructure(1930s).Theywereallledbythegovernment’sabilityanddesiretoinstigatechangeandshapethecitythroughundertakinglarge-scalein
5、frastructureprojects.TehranwasavillageoutsidetheancientcityofRay,whichlayatthefootofmountDamavand,thehighestpeakinthecountry,andattheintersectionoftwomajortradehighways:theeast–westSilkRoadalongthesouthernedgeofAlburzmountainsandthenorth–southroutethatconnectedtheCaspianSeatoth
6、ePersianGulf.RayhadbeeninhabitedforthousandsofyearsandwasthecapitaloftheSeljukdynastyinthe11thcentury;however,itdeclinedattheendofthemedievalperiod,whenTehranstartedtogrow(Lockhart,1960).Thefirstlarge-scaletownplanningexerciseinTehranwasundertakenin1553,withtheconstructionofaba
7、zaarandcitywalls,whichweresquareandhadgatesonfoursides,inaccordancewiththepatternofancientPersiancities(Barthold,1984).Thissettheframeworkforotherdevelopmentsthatfollowed,andthecitygrewinsignificance,eventuallytobeselectedin1785asthecapitaloftheQajardynasty(1779–1925).Onbecomin
8、gthecapital,thecityswelledbycourtiersandsoldiers,whowe
