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1、德黑兰的城市规划与发展UrbanplanninganddevelopmentinTehranAliMadanipourDepartmentofArchitecture,PlanningandLandscape,NewcastleUniversity,Newcastle,UnitedKingdomAvailableonline25September2006Withapopulationofaround7millioninametropolitanregionof12millioninhabitants,Tehranisoneofthelarge
2、rcitiesoftheworld.Thispaperchartsitsplanninganddevelopmentthroughtheages,particularlysincethemid-20thcentury,aperiodinwhichthecityhasgainedmostofitsphenomenalgrowth.Threephasesareidentifiedinthishistoricalprocess,withdifferenttypesofurbanplanningexercisedthroughinfrastructu
3、redesignanddevelopment,landuseregulation,andpolicydevelopment._2006ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Planning,Urbangrowth,IraniancitiesPlanningthroughinfrastructuredesignanddevelopment:foundationsforgrowthThefirstphaseofTehran’splanningreferstotheperiodbeforetheSecondW
4、orldWar,wherebyatleastthreemajoreffortssettheframeworkforthecity’sgrowthanddevelopment:wallingthecity(1550s),expandingthewalledcity(1870s)andbuildinganewurbaninfrastructure(1930s).Theywereallledbythegovernment’sabilityanddesiretoinstigatechangeandshapethecitythroughundertak
5、inglarge-scaleinfrastructureprojects.TehranwasavillageoutsidetheancientcityofRay,whichlayatthefootofmountDamavand,thehighestpeakinthecountry,andattheintersectionoftwomajortradehighways:theeast–westSilkRoadalongthesouthernedgeofAlburzmountainsandthenorth–southroutethatconnec
6、tedtheCaspianSeatothePersianGulf.RayhadbeeninhabitedforthousandsofyearsandwasthecapitaloftheSeljukdynastyinthe11thcentury;however,itdeclinedattheendofthemedievalperiod,whenTehranstartedtogrow(Lockhart,1960).Thefirstlarge-scaletownplanningexerciseinTehranwasundertakenin1553,
7、withtheconstructionofabazaarandcitywalls,whichweresquareandhadgatesonfoursides,inaccordancewiththepatternofancientPersiancities(Barthold,1984).Thissettheframeworkforotherdevelopmentsthatfollowed,andthecitygrewinsignificance,eventuallytobeselectedin1785asthecapitaloftheQajar
8、dynasty(1779–1925).Onbecomingthecapital,thecityswelledbycourtiersandsoldiers,whowe
