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1、21世纪城市规划的成型CHAPTER4Recentralization:Twenty-First-CenturyUrbanismTakesShape-21-––21世纪城市规划的成型Inhis2008bookAnotherCity:UrbanLifeandUrbanSpacesintheNewAmericanRepublic，1architecturalhistorianDellUptoncallsAmericancitiesplacesof“perpetualruinandrepair.”Nothinghaschanged.By2040,the
2、UnitedStateswillcreateasmuchbuiltspaceasitdidfrom1950to2010.2Asitdoes,theimpactoftheforcesdescribedinchapter3willgrowstronger.Wewillbuildatanunprecedentedpaceevenaswewrestlewithgreaterincomedisparities，anagingpopulation，shrink-inghouseholds，increasinglyfierceglobaleconomiccom
3、petition，andacceleratingclimatechange.Wedon’tneedtoguesshowtheseforceswillreshapeurbanismoverthecomingdecades.ManyareasTherearemanyindividualexamplesoffinestreets,attractiveparks,activepublicspaces,andsuccessfulneighborhoodsthat,ifbroughttogetherinonecity,wouldcreateamagnific
4、enturbanplace.Thechallengetodayistoachieveconsistenthighdesignqualityeverywhereineverycity.JonathanBarnett,FAIA,FAICP,professorofcityandregionalplanninganddirectoroftheUrbanDesignProgram,UniversityofPennsylvaniahavealreadybegunrestructuringtosupportashiftfromsprawltocompactgr
5、owth，reinventingsuburbstoreflectchangingmarketsandevolvingenvironmentalandpersonalvalues，andretrofittingdowntownsandurbanneighborhoodstoaccommodatenewgrowth.TravelingAlongtheSmartGrowthTransectAndresDuany’stransectreflectsadramaticbreakwiththelaissez-faireattitudeplanners，pub
6、licofficials，andarchitectsadoptedtowardregionalgrowthbetweenGreenbuildingisimportant,butAmericansarerapidlylearningthattheycandofarmoretoreducetheircarbonfootprint—andmakeafarmoresignificantcontributiontoaddressingglobalclimatechange—bysupportingsmartgrowthpoliciesthatpromote
7、walkable,mixed-usecommunitiesofferingarangeoftransportationchoices.KaidBenfield,directoroftheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncilSmartGrowthProgram-21-––21世纪城市规划的成型4.1Borrowingaconceptfromecology,theNewUrbanistsdevelopedtheideaofthetransect,adiagrammaticcross-sectionthatrunsfromame
8、tropolitanarea'souterfringestoitsveryheart.Startingattheedge—undevel
