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1、TheimpactofahungParliamentonBritishpoliticsAccordingtotheBritishlaw,theUnitedKingdomisaparliamentarymonarchy—thatis,theheadofstateisamonarchwithlimitedpowers.Britainwasthefirstcountryintheworldthatestablisheditsstateonthebasisofthreepowersystem.Thego
2、vernmentholdstheadministrativeorexecutivepower;theparliamentexertsthelaw-makingpower,i.e.thelegislature;thecourthastheonlypowertoimplementthestipulatedlaws,i.e.jurisdiction.(Constitution)Britainisoneofthetwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions.Itisre
3、flectedthefollowingthreekindsoflaws:statueLaw(GreatCharter,BillsofRights,StatuteofWestminsteretc.),commonlawandconventions.TheprincipleofParliamentarysovereigntymeansthatParliamentisthesupremelaw-makingbody:itsActsarethehighestsourceofBritishlaw.Ther
4、uleoflawistheideathatalllawsandgovernmentactionsconformtocertainfundamentalandunchangingprinciples.Thesefundamentalprinciplesinclude;equalapplicationofthelaw-everyoneisequalbeforethelawandnopersonisabovethelaw,includingthoseinpower.Anotheris;noperson
5、ispunishableinbodyorgoodswithoutabreachofthelawunlessthereisaclearbreachofthelaw,personsarefreetodoanything,unlessthelawsaysotherwise,thus,nopunishmentwithoutaclearbreachofthelaw.Accordingtothedoctrineofparliamentarysovereignty,Parliamentmaypassanyle
6、gislationthatitwishes.Bycontrast,incountrieswithacodifiedconstitution,thelegislatureisnormallyforbiddenfrompassinglawsthatcontradictthatconstitution:constitutionalamendmentsrequireaspecialprocedurethatismorearduousthanthatforregularlaws.(Parliament)T
7、heParliamentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandisthesupremelegislativebodyintheUnitedKingdomandBritishoverseasterritories.ParliamentalonepossesseslegislativesupremacyandtherebyultimatepoweroverallotherpoliticalbodiesintheUKandTheparlia
8、mentisbicameral,withanupperhouse,theHouseofLords,andalowerhouse,theHouseofCommons.TheQueenisthethirdcomponentofthelegislature.TheHouseofLordsincludestwodifferenttypesofmembers:theLordsSpiritual(theseniorbishopsoftheChurchofEngland)andtheLordsTemporal
