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1、Lecture2 Linguisticfeature–diction(1)Goals:togettoknowthetypesofEST/technicalwordstobeclearabouttheformationofESTwordstobettercomprehendthefeaturesofESTwordsEST clearness,conciseness,exactness1.TypesofESTwordsFunctionalwords(功能词)Semi-technicalwords(次技术词)Technic
2、alwords(技术词汇)I.FunctionalwordsTheydonothavenotionsoftheirown–emptywords.Astheirchieffunctionistoexpresstherelationbetweennotions,therelationbetweenwordsaswellasbetweensentences,theyareknownasformwords.Prep.,conj.,auxiliariesandarticlesbelongtothiscategory.Ingen
3、eral/literaryEnglishandtechnicalEnglish,theyaresameintheirmeanings.Eg:Withoutairalivingthingwilldie.Wemusttestthedeviceunderoperationcondition.Whendoyoucomehome?(we,must,the,under,without,will)II.Semi-technicalwordsTheyarealsothemostcommonlyusedwordsinPlainEngl
4、ishandEnglishforSpecialPurpose.MostofthemareoriginatedfromLatinandGreek.Eg:mechanical(机械的),zenith(天顶),science(科学),technology(技术),project(工程).ButsomeothersareborrowedfromcommonEnglish,andhavedifferentmeaningsfromthoseinLE.Eg:Die死模具Trip旅行母线Monitor班长监视器Power力量功率Su
5、pport支持支架Post邮递支柱Revolution革命转Union联合活结头Flash闪耀,Macromedia公司开发的动画编辑工具However,sometechnologyvocabularyisgraduallyevolvedfromanordinaryEnglishvocabulary.SuchtechnologyispartofEnglishvocabularyandoftenmaintainscloserelationswiththeordinaryEnglishvocabulary.Suchacl
6、oserelationismanifestedmainlyinthreeaspects:beingsimilartotheexternalshapeofobjects,similartofunctions,andsimilartotherelationshipbetweenobjectsandobjects.1.Similaritytotheexternalshapeofobjects(物体外部形状相似)Eg:Wing翅膀机翼Leg腿支架Eye眼睛孔，孔环，小眼Horn角，犄角操作杆Tooth牙，牙齿齿轮，锯齿Pin
7、大头针接线柱Knee膝盖弯管Elbow肘弯头Crane鹤起重机Snow雪雪花效应2.Similaritytofunctions(物体功能相似)Eg:单词普通词义科技词义Monkey(一蹦一跳的)猴打桩锤Pecker啄木鸟穿孔器Library图书馆程序库Answer响应，回答回答讯号3.Similaritytotherelationshipbetweenobjects(物体之间的关系相似).Eg:Baby:“婴儿”(LE),“微小的物体”(TE).Eg:babycar(微型汽车),babycarrier(轻型航空母舰)
8、,babytower(小型蒸馏塔).Mother“母亲”(LE),“母体,主”(TE).Eg:mothermachine(工作母机),motherrod(主(母)连),motherboard(母板).Daughter“女儿”(LE),“子体”(TE).Eg:daughterboard(子插件),daughterneutron(派生中子),dau
