教育心理统计研究课件Lecture5

《教育心理统计研究课件Lecture5》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Lecture1DataanalysisandtheresearchprocessQuantitativedataanalysisandtheresearchprocessTheoryHypothesisOperationalizationofconceptsSelectionofrespondentsorsubjectsSurvey/CorrelationaldesignExperimentaldesignCollectdataAnalyzedataFindingsFigure1.1Theresearchpr

2、ocessInterviews/questionnairesExperimentalandcontrolgroupsObservationsand/ortests/questionnairesTheoryThestartingpointfortheprocessisatheoreticaldomain.Theoriesinthesocialsciencescanvarybetweenabstractgeneralapproaches(suchasfunctionalism)andfairlylow-levelt

3、heoriestoexplainspecificphenomena(suchasvotingbehavior,delinquency,aggressiveness).Byandlarge,thetheoriesthataremostlikelytoreceivedirectempiricalattentionarethosewhichareatafairlylowlevelofgenerality.HypothesisOnceatheoryhasbeenformulated,itislikelythatrese

4、archerswillwanttotestit.Ahypothesis,whichrelatedtoalimitedfacetofthetheory,willbededucedfromthetheoryandsubmittedtoasearchingenquiry.Hypothesesveryoftentaketheformofrelationshipsbetweentwoormoreentities.These‘entities’areusuallyreferredtoas‘concepts’:thatis,

5、categoriesinwhicharestoredourideasandobservationsaboutcommonelementsintheworld.Althoughhypotheseshavetheadvantagethattheyforceresearcherstothinksystematicallyaboutwhattheywanttostudyandtostructuretheirresearchplansaccordingly,theyexhibitapotentialdisadvantag

6、einthattheymaydivertaresearcher’sattentiontoofarawayfromotherinterestingfacetsofthedataheorshehasamassed.SelectionofrespondentsorsubjectsIfasurveyinvestigationisbeingundertaken,theresearchermustfindrelevantpeopletowhomtheresearchinstrumentthathasbeendeviseds

7、houldbeadministered.Itisrarelypossibletocontactallunitsinapopulation,sothatasamplehastobeselected.Inordertobeabletogeneralizetoawiderpopulation,arepresentativesample,suchasonethatcanbeachievedthroughrandomsampling,willberequired.SettinguparesearchdesignThere

8、aretwobasictypesofresearchdesignthatareemployedbypsychologistsandsociologists.Theformertendtouseexperimentaldesignsinwhichtheresearcheractivelymanipulatedaspectsofasetting,eitherinthelaboratoryo