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1、IndividualDifferencesinMathematicalAbility數學能力的個別差異1ThreePerspectivesPsychometricCognitiveBehavioral2PsychometricPerspectiveMethodused:FactorAnalysisResults:AbilityFactorsCriterion:Factorstabilityorfactorinvariance--thefactorrepresentsabasicdomainofhumanabili
2、ty,distinctfromothercognitiveabilitiesforeducational,cultural,orbiologicalreasons.Twogeneralmathemtticaldomains:numericalfacilityandmathematicalreasoning3NumericalFacilityStableacrossstudies:arithmeticrepresentsafundamentaldomainofhumanabilitystronglydefinedb
3、yarithmeticcomputationtests;teststhatinvolveaconceptualunderstandingofnumberrelationshipsandarithmeticalconcepts-basicarithmeticalskills4Development:NumericalFacilityfactorfoundin:kindergartenchildren(WechslerIntelligenceScaleforChildrenWISC):5-7yearsofageals
4、odemonstrate(MeyersandDingman1960)samplesofchildren,adolescentsinelementaryschools,juniorhighschool,highschool,andcollege5Thefactorbecomesmoreexclusivelyarithmeticalinnaturewithdevelopment.Arithmeticandworkingmemorytoexclusivelyarithmeticalrelationshipbetween
5、performanceonnumericalfacilitytestsandtestsofmathematicalreasoningbecomeweakerwithage.6MathematicalReasoningDifferentlabels:arithmeticalreasoning,generalreasoning,abilitytofindandevaluatequantitativerelationshipsandtodrawconclusionsonthebasisofquantitativeinf
6、ormationRelationshipbetweenNumericalFacilityandMathematicalReasoningfactorsbecomeweakerwithage.78thgrade:thetwofactorsclusteredgrades9to11andcollegestudents:distinctMathematicalReasoningcollegestudents:the2unrelated.8OtherMathematicalAbilitiesDotCountingFacto
7、r:abilitytoquicklyandaccuratelycountarraysofdots.DigitalFlexibility:abilitytomanipulate,toarrange,andtocompare(numbers),withoutperformingarithmeticoperations,e.g.,makingrapidgreaterthanorlessthancomparisonsofsetsofnumbers.EstimationFactor:abilitytomakequantit
8、ativeestimations;abilitytocreateandevaluatenewhypothesisquicklyinordertodrawproperconclusions9分組活動根據你對資訊處理模式(InformationProcessingModel)的認識,試找出5種可能發生差異之處,說明所在部份,所相差的能力(例如:速度,容量…)10Cogniti
