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1、GREENBARRIERSFROMTHESTANGPOINTOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTAbstract:Greenbarriersareonekindofnon-tariffbarrier(NTB).Thispaperpointsoutthatgreenbarriersevolvedfromsustainabledevelopmenttheoryandenvironmentalprotection,butarecompatiblewithtruecomparativeadvantage.Thebestwaytosurmountgree
2、nbarriersforChineseenterprisesistoimplementcircularproductionprocessesandcleanproductiontechniques.KeyWords:Greenbarriers,sustainabledevelopment,ecologyenvironment,circulareconomy,life-cycleanalysis.1.IntroductionSincetheopeningupandeconomicreformofChina,itsforeigntradevolumehasri
3、sencontinuouslyfromUS$20.6billionin1978toUS$1,422billionin2005.ThesumofexportsplusimportsasafractionofGDPis65.8%,theshareofexportsis36.2%,theshareofimportsis29.6%in2006inChina(TheNationalBureauofStatisticsofChina,2006).Exportsmainlyconcentrateonlaborintensiveandresourceintensivein
4、dustries:laborintensiveproductsaccountingfor40%oftotalmanufacturingexportsandresourceintensiveincludingrubberandmetalproductsaccountingfor20%.Thisexportpatterndepletesresourcesandcauseshighemissionsandhighpollution,aseriousenvironmentalprobleminChina(Gu,2005).Inaddition,besidesagr
5、iculturalproducts,theexportationofmechanicalandelectricalproductsisfacingincreasingtechnicalbarrierssuchasnoise,pollution,safetystandards,energysaving,andrecyclingrequirements.Everyyear,aboutUS$8billionofexportproductsareaffectedbyforeigngreenlabelingandtrademarksandUS$24billionof
6、productsareindirectlyinfluencedsincepackingmethodsdonotsatisfytheenvironmentalprotectionstandardofdevelopedcountries.Therefore,howtotreatandcopewithgreenbarriersisimperativeforChina’sforeigntrade.2.GreenBarriers2.1ImplicationofthegreenbarrierWhiletherearenoaccurateandcleardefiniti
7、onsininternationaltreatiesoragreements,agreebarrierisanewtermtomeantheapplicationofstricttechnicalstandardsandregulationsininternationaltrade(Dong,2003).Besidesagreenenvironmentallabel,greenbarriersalsoincludeenvironmentalsurtaxes,marketaccessrequirements,greentechnologystandards,
8、greenpackaging,greensanitarymeasu
