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1、ARTICLEINPRESSRoboticsandComputerIntegratedManufacturing19(2003)461–468SustainableproductdevelopmentandmanufacturingbyconsideringenvironmentalrequirementsH.Kaebernick*,S.Kara,M.SunSchoolofMechanicalandManufacturingEngineering,TheUniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,AustraliaReceived6September2002;receiv
2、edinrevisedform1March2003;accepted29May2003AbstractSustainabilityinthedevelopmentandmanufactureofnewproductsisastrategythatiswidelyacceptedinprinciple,althoughnotyetwidelypracticed.Theintegrationofenvironmentalrequirementsthroughouttheentirelifetimeofaproductneedsanewwayofthinkingandnewdecisiontools
3、tobeapplied.Thispaperdescribestheconceptofanapproachtoproductdevelopment,basedonaparadigmforsustainablemanufacturing.Fourexamplesofmethodologiesanddecisiontoolsarediscussed,representingthemostimportantsourcesofenvironmentalimpactsofaproduct.Theemphasisliesontheintegratingconceptratherthanonthedetail
4、softhemethodologies.r2003ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Sustainablemanufacturing;Productdevelopment;Life-cycleassessment1.IntroductionTheparadigmofproductdevelopmenttowardslowcostandhighprofitsisunlikelytochangesignificantlyTheneedforintroducingenvironmentalrequirementsinthenearfuture,ifever.C
5、ompanieswillhavetointothedesignanddevelopmentofnewproductshascontinuetomakeprofitsfortheirexistence.However,alreadybeendiscussedformorethanadecade[1].theintegrationofenvironmentalrequirementsintoTodaythereisgeneralagreementonthispointineverysinglestageofproductdevelopmentfromtheprincipleamongstresear
6、chersandindustry.However,verybeginningisaverylikelyapproach,leadingtothequestionremainsofhowimportantisittoapplyanewparadigmforsustainablemanufacturing.Beingenvironmentalcriteriatoaproductdesign,andhowanintegratedapproach,itwillnotpurelyadd-onsomecanwecompareenvironmentalrequirementswiththeconstrain
7、ts,butitwillidentifynewenvironmentaltraditionaldesignrequirementssuchascost,function,featuresofaproductthathavethepotentialtoimproveandquality[2,3].theoverallqualityoftheproductintheeyesoftheCurrentpr
