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1、1)GeneralintroductionabouttheGreatDepression.(Definition/BackgroundIntroduction)2)ThecauseandthedevelopmentoftheGreatDepression.HowdoallthenationsdealwiththeGreatDepression.3)Thepolitical,economic,andthesocialinfluenceoftheGreatDepressionontheworldnations.TheGreatDepressionTheGreatDepressionwasan
2、economicslumpinNorthAmerica,Europe,andotherindustrializedareasoftheworldthatbeganin1929andlasteduntilabout1939.ItwasthelongestandmostseveredepressioneverexperiencedbytheindustrializedWesternworld.ThoughtheU.S.economyhadgoneintodepressionsixmonthsearlier,theGreatDepressionmaybesaidtohavebegunwitha
3、catastrophiccollapseofstock-marketpricesontheNewYorkStockExchangeinOctober1929.(DuringthenextthreeyearsstockpricesintheUnitedStatescontinuedtofall,untilbylate1932theyhaddroppedtoonlyabout20percentoftheirvaluein1929)Besidesruiningmanythousandsofindividualinvestors,(个人投资者)thisprecipitousdeclineinth
4、evalueofassetsgreatlystrainedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions,particularlythoseholdingstocksintheirportfolios.Manybankswereconsequentlyforcedintoinsolvency（破产）;（by1933,11,000oftheUnitedStates'25,000bankshadfailed）Thefailureofsomanybanks,combinedwithageneralandnationwidelossofconfidenceintheecon
5、omy,ledtomuch-reducedlevelsofspendinganddemandandhenceofproduction,thusaggravatingthedownwardspiral.Theresultwasdrasticallyfallingoutputanddrasticallyrisingunemployment;(by1932,U.S.manufacturingoutputhadfallento54percentofits1929level,andunemploymenthadrisentobetween12and15millionworkers,or25-30p
6、ercentoftheworkforce.)TheGreatDepressionbeganintheUnitedStatesbutquicklyturnedintoaworldwideeconomicslumpowingtothespecialandintimaterelationshipsthathadbeenforgedbetweentheUnitedStatesandEuropeaneconomiesafterWorldWarI.TheUnitedStateshademergedfromthewarasthemajorcreditorandfinancierofpostwarEur
7、ope,whosenationaleconomieshadbeengreatlyweakenedbythewaritself,bywardebts,and,inthecaseofGermanyandotherdefeatednations,bytheneedtopaywarreparations.SooncetheAmericaneconomyslumpedandtheflowofAmericaninvestmentcreditst
