Great depression大萧条时期简介.ppt

《Great depression大萧条时期简介.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、TheGreatDepressionCausesTurningpointandrecoveryEffectsTheGreatDepressionwasaneconomicslumpinNorthAmerica,Europe,andotherindustrializedareasoftheworldthatbeganin1929andlasteduntilabout1939.ItwasthelongestandmostseveredepressioneverexperiencedbytheindustrializedWesternworld.Ca

2、usesTheGreatDepressionbegunwithacatastrophiccollapseofstock-marketpricesontheNewYorkStockExchangeinOctober1929.DuringthenextthreeyearsstockpricesintheUnitedStatescontinuedtofall,untilbylate1932theyhaddroppedtoonlyabout20percentoftheirvaluein1929.TheDowJonesIndustrialaverage,

3、1928–1930Besidesruiningmanythousandsofindividualinvestors,thisprecipitousdeclineinthevalueofassetsgreatlystrainedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions,particularlythoseholdingstocksintheirportfolios(证券投资组合）.Manybankswereconsequentlyforcedintoinsolvency.By1932,U.S.manufacturingo

4、utputhadfallento54percentofits1929level,andunemploymenthadrisentobetween12and15millionworkers,or25-30percentoftheworkforce.UnitedStatesGreatBritainFranceGermanyIndustrialproduction–46%–23%–24%–41%Wholesaleprices–32%–33%–34%–29%Foreigntrade–70%–60%–54%–61%Unemployment+607%+12

5、9%+214%+232%EconomicindicatorsChangeineconomicindicators1929–32USindustrialproduction(1928–39)USFarmPrices,(1928–35)TurningpointandrecoveryRoosevelt'sNewDealpoliciesGoldstandard(金本位)WorldWarIIRoosevelt'sNewDealpoliciesThecommonviewamongmainstreameconomistsisthatRoosevelt‘sNe

6、wDealpolicieseithercausedoracceleratedtherecovery,althoughhispolicieswereneveraggressiveenoughtobringtheeconomycompletelyoutofrecession.Someeconomistshavealsocalledattentiontothepositiveeffectsfromexpectationsofreflation（通货再恢复）andrisingnominalinterestrates（名义利率）thatRoosevelt

7、'swordsandactionsportended.AnothercontributingpolicythatreversedreflationwastheBankingActof1935,whicheffectivelyraisedreserverequirements（准备金要求）,causingamonetarycontraction（银根紧缩）.TheGDPofAmericareturnedtoitsupwardslopein1938.WorldWarIIMosteconomichistoriansbelievethattheGrea

8、tDepressionendedwiththeadventofWorldWarII.Theythinkthatgovernmentspendingon