Effect of the Great Depression

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1、EffectoftheGreatDepressionItisdifficulttomeasurethehumancostoftheGreatDepression.Thematerialhardshipswerebadenough.Menandwomenlivedinlean-tosmadeofscrapwoodandmetal,andfamilieswentwithoutmeatandfreshvegetablesformonths,existingonadietofsoupandbeans.大萧条的影响大萧条对人们造成的影响无法估量。

2、物质上的困难本已非常深重。男男女女都住在破木头板废铁皮搭起的披棚里，家家户户数月吃不上肉和新鲜蔬菜，只能用清汤和豆子填饱肚子。Thepsychologicalburdenwasevengreater:Americanssufferedthroughyearafteryearofgrindingpovertywithnoletupinsight.Theunemployedstoodinlineforhourswaitingforreliefchecks,veteranssoldapplesorpencilsonstreetcorners,

3、theirmanhood—onceprizedsohighlybythenation—nowinquestion.更为沉重的是心理上的负担：美国人在极度的贫困中煎熬，年复一年，前景渺茫。失业工人排队数小时等待救济金，退伍老兵则在街角叫卖苹果、铅笔。曾几何时，他们雄姿英发，气概非凡，全国上下，无不赞叹；现在，这种气概不知道哪里去了。Peopleleftthecityforthecountrysidebutfoundnosalvationonthefarm.Cropsrottedinthefieldsbecausepricesweretoo

4、lowtomakeharvestingworthwhile;sheriffsfendedoffangrycrowdsasbanksforeclosedlongoverduemortgagesononceprosperousfarms.人们纷纷离开城市，投奔农村，但是无济于事，农村并不救世。农产品价格过低，采摘得不偿失，农作物全都白白烂在地里；许多曾经繁荣富足的农场，曾长期拖欠抵押贷款，而被银行没收，愤怒的农民欲夺回财产，但遭到了警方的阻拦。Fewescapedthesuffering.AfricanAmericanswhohadleft

5、thepovertyoftheruralsouthforfactoryjobsintheNorthwereamongthefirsttobelaidoff.MexicanAmericans,whohadflowedintoreplaceEuropeanimmigrants,metwithcompetitionfromangrycitizens,nowwillingtodostooplaborinthefieldsandworkastracklayersontherailroads.这场劫难几乎无人幸免。非洲裔美国人逃离了穷苦的南方农村，

6、在北方工厂找到了工作，却成为第一批被解雇的工人。墨西哥裔美国人曾大批涌入，以求取代欧洲移民，现在却面临与愤怒的本地公民竞争的局面，这些美国人现在都愿意干卑微的农活，或者去铺设铁轨。ImmigrationofficialsusedtechnicalitiestohalttheflowacrosstheRioGrandeandeventoreverseit;nearlyahalfmillionMexicansweredeportedinthe1930s,includingfamilieswithchildrenbornintheUnited

7、States.为了阻止墨西哥人跨过格兰德河进入美国，移民官员采取了各种手段，甚至将他们遣返回国；20世纪30年代，将近五十万墨西哥人被驱逐出境，其中包括那些在美国生了孩子的家庭。Thepoor—black,brown,andwhite—survivedbecausetheyknewbetterthanmostAmericanshowtoexistinpoverty.Theystayedinbedincoldweather,bothtokeepwarmandtoavoidunnecessaryburningupofcalories;这场困

8、难中，穷人—无论黑人、棕种人还是白人—都幸存了下来，因为他们比大多数美国人更懂得如何在贫困中生存。天气寒冷时，他们呆在床上，既暖和也减少了不必要的热量消耗；theypatchedtheirshoeswith