生物科学 专业英语

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1、生物专业英语InsidetheLivingCellStructureandFunctionofInternalCellpartsGlossaryCytoplasm细胞质Thelivingcontentsofacellboundedexternallybytheplasmalemma,includinganaqueousgroundsubstance(hyaloplasm,透明质，cellsap,orcellmatrix)containingorganellesandvariousinclusionsbutexcludingthenucleu

2、sandvisiblevacuoles.细胞中的亚器官Chloroplast叶绿体Aplastidinwhichphotosynthesisiscarriedout.Chloroplastsoccurinallphotosyntheticorganismsexceptphotosyntheticbacteriaandblue-greenalgae.Stroma子座，基质Regionwithinachloroplastthathasnochlorophyll.Plastid质体Anorganellepresentinallplantsexce

3、ptbacteria,blue-greenalgae,andfungi;itisenclosedbytwomembranes(theenvelope)andhasvariousfunctionsEndoplasmicreticulum内质网Foldedmembranesandtubesthroughouttheeukaryoticcellthatprovidealargesurfaceuponwhichchemicalactivitiestakeplace.Golgicomplex高尔基复合体Astackofflattened,smooth

4、,memebranoussacs;thesiteofsynthesisandpackagingofcertainmoleculesineukaryoticcells.Mitochondrion线粒体Amembranousorganelleresemblingasmallbagwithalargerbaginsidethatisfoldedbackonitself;serveasthesiteofaerobiccellularrespiration.Ribosome核糖体Smallstructurescomposedoftwoproteina

5、ndribonucleicacidsubunitsinvolvedintheassemblyofproteinsfromaminoacidsPolysome多核糖体Ofproteinsynthesis,severalribosomesalltranslatingthesamemessengerRNAmolecule,oneaftertheother.Vacuole液泡Storagecontainerwithinthecytoplasmofacellhavingasurroundingmembrane.Lysosome溶酶体Aspeciali

6、zedorganellethatholdsamixtureofhydrolyticenzymesCentriole中心粒Anorganellelocatedclosetothenucleusinmostanimalandlowerplantcellsbutabsentfromprokaryotesandhigherplants细胞的遗传亚结构细胞核和染色体Chromosome染色体ADNA-histonethreadresidinginthenucleusofacell.Eachchromosomepossessestwotelomeres

7、andacentromere,andsomecontainanucleousorganizer.RNAproteinsareinvariablyassociatedwiththechromosome.Nuclearenvelope核膜，核被膜Adoublemembrane(twolipidbilayersandassociatedproteins)thatistheoutermostportionofacellnucleous.Nucleoid核质体TheDNA-containingareaofaprokaryotecell,analogo

8、ustoeukaryotenucleusbutnotmembranebounded.Nucleoli核仁Nuclearstructurescomposedofcompletedo