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ID:37762706
大小:1.01 MB
页数:78页
时间:2019-05-30
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1、生物专业英语InsidetheLivingCellStructureandFunctionofInternalCellpartsGlossaryCytoplasm细胞质Thelivingcontentsofacellboundedexternallybytheplasmalemma,includinganaqueousgroundsubstance(hyaloplasm,透明质,cellsap,orcellmatrix)containingorganellesandvariousinclusionsbutexcludingthenucleu
2、sandvisiblevacuoles.细胞中的亚器官Chloroplast叶绿体Aplastidinwhichphotosynthesisiscarriedout.Chloroplastsoccurinallphotosyntheticorganismsexceptphotosyntheticbacteriaandblue-greenalgae.Stroma子座,基质Regionwithinachloroplastthathasnochlorophyll.Plastid质体Anorganellepresentinallplantsexce
3、ptbacteria,blue-greenalgae,andfungi;itisenclosedbytwomembranes(theenvelope)andhasvariousfunctionsEndoplasmicreticulum内质网Foldedmembranesandtubesthroughouttheeukaryoticcellthatprovidealargesurfaceuponwhichchemicalactivitiestakeplace.Golgicomplex高尔基复合体Astackofflattened,smooth
4、,memebranoussacs;thesiteofsynthesisandpackagingofcertainmoleculesineukaryoticcells.Mitochondrion线粒体Amembranousorganelleresemblingasmallbagwithalargerbaginsidethatisfoldedbackonitself;serveasthesiteofaerobiccellularrespiration.Ribosome核糖体Smallstructurescomposedoftwoproteina
5、ndribonucleicacidsubunitsinvolvedintheassemblyofproteinsfromaminoacidsPolysome多核糖体Ofproteinsynthesis,severalribosomesalltranslatingthesamemessengerRNAmolecule,oneaftertheother.Vacuole液泡Storagecontainerwithinthecytoplasmofacellhavingasurroundingmembrane.Lysosome溶酶体Aspeciali
6、zedorganellethatholdsamixtureofhydrolyticenzymesCentriole中心粒Anorganellelocatedclosetothenucleusinmostanimalandlowerplantcellsbutabsentfromprokaryotesandhigherplants细胞的遗传亚结构细胞核和染色体Chromosome染色体ADNA-histonethreadresidinginthenucleusofacell.Eachchromosomepossessestwotelomeres
7、andacentromere,andsomecontainanucleousorganizer.RNAproteinsareinvariablyassociatedwiththechromosome.Nuclearenvelope核膜,核被膜Adoublemembrane(twolipidbilayersandassociatedproteins)thatistheoutermostportionofacellnucleous.Nucleoid核质体TheDNA-containingareaofaprokaryotecell,analogo
8、ustoeukaryotenucleusbutnotmembranebounded.Nucleoli核仁Nuclearstructurescomposedofcompletedo
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