2019年 生物科学专业英语ppt课件.ppt

《2019年 生物科学专业英语ppt课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、生物专业英语InsidetheLivingCellStructureandFunctionofInternalCellpartsGlossaryCytoplasm细胞质Thelivingcontentsofacellboundedexternallybytheplasmalemma,includinganaqueousgroundsubstance(hyaloplasm,透明质，cellsap,orcellmatrix)containingorganellesandvariousinclusionsbutexcludingthenucleusandvisiblevacuo

2、les.细胞中的亚器官Chloroplast叶绿体Aplastidinwhichphotosynthesisiscarriedout.Chloroplastsoccurinallphotosyntheticorganismsexceptphotosyntheticbacteriaandblue-greenalgae.Stroma子座，基质Regionwithinachloroplastthathasnochlorophyll.Plastid质体Anorganellepresentinallplantsexceptbacteria,blue-greenalgae,andfu

3、ngi;itisenclosedbytwomembranes(theenvelope)andhasvariousfunctionsEndoplasmicreticulum内质网Foldedmembranesandtubesthroughouttheeukaryoticcellthatprovidealargesurfaceuponwhichchemicalactivitiestakeplace.Golgicomplex高尔基复合体Astackofflattened,smooth,memebranoussacs;thesiteofsynthesisandpackagingo

4、fcertainmoleculesineukaryoticcells.Mitochondrion线粒体Amembranousorganelleresemblingasmallbagwithalargerbaginsidethatisfoldedbackonitself;serveasthesiteofaerobiccellularrespiration.Ribosome核糖体Smallstructurescomposedoftwoproteinandribonucleicacidsubunitsinvolvedintheassemblyofproteinsfromamin

5、oacidsPolysome多核糖体Ofproteinsynthesis,severalribosomesalltranslatingthesamemessengerRNAmolecule,oneaftertheother.Vacuole液泡Storagecontainerwithinthecytoplasmofacellhavingasurroundingmembrane.Lysosome溶酶体AspecializedorganellethatholdsamixtureofhydrolyticenzymesCentriole中心粒Anorganellelocatedcl

6、osetothenucleusinmostanimalandlowerplantcellsbutabsentfromprokaryotesandhigherplants细胞的遗传亚结构细胞核和染色体Chromosome染色体ADNA-histonethreadresidinginthenucleusofacell.Eachchromosomepossessestwotelomeresandacentromere,andsomecontainanucleousorganizer.RNAproteinsareinvariablyassociatedwiththechromos

7、ome.Nuclearenvelope核膜，核被膜Adoublemembrane(twolipidbilayersandassociatedproteins)thatistheoutermostportionofacellnucleous.Nucleoid核质体TheDNA-containingareaofaprokaryotecell,analogoustoeukaryotenucleusbutnotmembranebounded.Nucleoli核仁Nuclearstructurescomposedofcompletedo