认知心理学课件范津

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1、ATTENTIONANDATTENTIONALNETWORKS???????JinFan,Ph.D.??TheSacklerInstituteforDevelopmentalPsychobiologyDepartmentofPsychiatryWeillMedicalCollegeofCornellUniversityWhatisattention?AttentionisrelativelyeasytodefinesubjectivelyasintheclassicaldefinitionofWilliamJameswhosaid:“Everyoneknowswhatattentio

2、nis.Itisthetakingpossessionofthemindinclearandvividformofoneoutofwhatseemseveralsimultaneousobjectsortrainsofthought.”(James,1890).However,thissubjectivedefinitiondoesnotprovidehintsthatmightleadtoanunderstandingofattentionaldevelopmentorpathologies.Itisnowpossibletoviewattentionmuchmoreconcret

3、elyasanorgansystem.Wefollowthedictionarydefinitionofanorgansystem(Webster’sdictionary).“Anorgansystemmaybedefinedasdifferentiatedstructuresinanimalsandplantsmadeupofvariouscellandtissuesandadaptedfortheperformanceofsomespecificfunctionandgroupedwithotherstructuresintoasystem”.Webelievesthatview

4、ingattentionasanorgansystemaidsinansweringmanyperplexingissuesraisedincognitivepsychology,psychiatryandneurology.AttentionalNetworksManypathologiesincludingattentiondeficitdisorder,schizophreniaanddepressionincludeareductionintheefficiencyofattention.Inordertounderstandsomeofthiscommonpathology

5、itisimportanttoknowthebrainareasinvolvedinattention.ThreeAttentionalNetworksAlertingAchievingthealertstate:theabilitytoprepareforasensorysignalOrientingSelectionofinformationfromsensoryinput:turningattentiontowardasensorysignalExecutiveControlResolvingconflictbetweenresponses:selectingonedimens

6、ioninthepresenceofcompetinginformationBehavioralfMRIGeneticStudyERPAnalysisAttentionalNetworksPatientComputationalstudymodelingBehavioralStudyAttentionalNetworkTestcongruentincongruentNeutralCue+*+Target+D=4001600ms–100ms400ms++RT<1700ms**+3000+*+–RT–Dms*+*nocuecentercuedoublecuespatialcueBehav

7、ioraldefinitionsoftheefficiencyofattentionalnetworks•ALERTING:RTnocue–RTdoublecue•ORIENTING:RTcentercue-RTspatialcue•CONFLCIT:RTincongruent–RTcongruentResults650600no550centerdouble500Spatial450ReactionTime(msec)400neutralcongruen