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1、ELSEVIERJournalofPragmatics30(1998)755-769AcognitiveapproachtoinferencinginconversationKlaus-UwePanther~,*,LindaThornburgb"EnglischesSeminar,UniversitiitHamburg,Von-Melle-Park6,D-20146Hamburg,GermanybDepartmentofAmericanStudies,E6tv6sLor6ndUniversity,Aj
2、tfsiDiirersol19-21,H-1146Budapest,HungaryReceived13January1997;revisedversion14January1998AbstractDiscourseanalystsusingaspeech-acttheoreticorGriceanapproachtoconversationassumethattheidentificationofthecommunicativeintentionoflinguisticactsrequiresinfe
3、r-encingonthepartofthehearer.However,thistheoreticalapproachdoesnotsatisfactorilyaccountforthefactthatconversationalparticipantsusuallydrawtheinferencesnecessarytoarriveatintendedinterpretationswithoutanynoticeableeffort.Furthermore,itdoesnotsys-tematic
4、allyspecifythekindsofinferencepatternsthatareneededforutteranceinterpretation.Weshowthatacognitiveapproachincorporatingthenotionofscenariostructurecanbefruit-fullyappliedtotheanalysisofconversation.Wearguethatwithininthisframeworkitisnec-essarytodisting
5、uishbetween'standfor'relations(i.e.metonymicrelationshipsproper)andweaker'pointto'relations(i.e.indexicalrelationships).Conceptualrelationshipssuchaspart-whole,cause-effect,ability-action,etc.,havemetonymicandindexicalfunctionandfacilitatetheinferential
6、workofconversationalinteractants.Thesegeneralrelationshipswithinscenariostructurethusconstitutenaturalinferenceschemata.1.IntroductionTheproblemofunderstandingdiscourseintermsofinferencesaboutaspeak-er's/author'sintentionshasalong-standingtraditionincla
7、ssicalrhetoricandhermeneutics.Eventoday,discourseanalystswhousespeech-acttheoretic,Gricean,orrelevance-theoreticapproachestothestudyofconversationassumethattheiden-tificationofthecommunicativeintentionoflinguisticactsrequiresacertainamountofinferencingo
8、nthepartofthehearer(forgoodsummariesseeSchiffrin,1994;Anearlierversionofthispaperwaspresentedatthe5thIPrAConference,MexicoCity,July13-17,1997.Wehavebenefitedfromthehelpfulcommentsoftwoanonymousrefereesinpreparingthisrevi-sion.*E-
