最新A Cognitive Behavioral Approach to Social Phobia教学讲义ppt课件.ppt

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1、ACognitiveBehavioralApproachtoSocialPhobiaWhatissocialPhobia?Definition:Persistentfearsofsituationsinvolvingsocialinteractionorsocialperformanceorsituationswherethereispotentialscrutinybyothers(Rapee&Heimberg,1997)TwotypesSpecific-fearofcertainsocialsituationslikepublicspeaking

2、Generalized-fearofmostsocialsituationsWhodoesiteffect?Prevalenceof13%Ageofonsetistypicallybetween11and19MorefemalesthanmalesSocialPhobiaandtheAudienceIndividualsprimarilyfearnegativeevaluationsfromtheaudienceHowevertheaudienceisoftendifficulttointerpretbecauseofhowambiguoussoci

3、alsituationscanbeandbecauseotherpeople’sthoughtsarenotopentodirectexamination.IndividualsalsodoubttheirabilitiesbutbelievethattheaudiencehashighstandardsThisdiscrepancyincreasesanxietyMentalRepresentationsIndividualswithsocialphobiahaveverynegativementalrepresentationsaboutthes

4、elf.Theyfocusonaspectsoftheselfthatcouldbeevaluatednegativelysuchasblushingortrembling.Theymayevenmakegeneralizationsabouttheself.Insteadof“Heorsheisbored”theywouldthink“I’maboringperson”ProbabilityandCostBeliefsProbabilityIndividualsbelievethattheyarelikelytoperformpoorlyandth

5、attheirfearedoutcomeisalsolikelytooccurCostIndividualsbelievethatiftheyperformpoorlytheconsequenceswillbeextremelyharshanddisastrous.SafetyBehaviorsSafetybehaviors:behaviorsimplementedinthesituationthatmakethesituationseemlessthreatening.Individualsbelievethatbyusingthesebehavi

6、orstheyareavoidingacatastropheHowever,Wellsetal.(1995)arguethat,“safetybehaviorsplayanimportantroleinthemaintenanceofanxietybecausetheypreventphobicpeoplefromexperiencinganunambiguousdisconfirmationoftheirunrealisticbeliefsaboutfearedcatastrophes.”(p.154)Example:Anindividualwho

7、tremblesmightholdontosomethingtightlyandwillattributethisactiontothelackofcatastropheinthesituationratherthanseeingtherealityofit.CognitiveBehavioralTherapyCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)UsesbothcognitiverestructuringandexposuretherapytohelppatientsOthermethodsoftherapymayenhan

8、ceCBTEliminatingSafetyBehaviorsSocialSkillsTrainingCBT