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1、ACognitivePerspectiveonSocialPhobiaOutlineTheCognitiveModelEmpiricalStudiesoftheCognitiveModelAtheoryDerivedCognitiveTreatmentandEffectivenessTheCognitiveModelAssumptions:ExcessivelyhighstandardsofsocialperformanceConditionalbeliefsconcerningtheconsequencesofper
2、formingacertainwayUnconditionalnegativebeliefsabouttheselfTestableHypothesesoftheCognitiveModelSocialphobicsinterpretexternalsocialeventsinanexcessivelynegativefashion.e.g.,Amir,Foa,&Coles,1998Socialphobicsshowenhancedself-focusedattentionandreducedprocessingofe
3、xternalsocialcueswhenanxiousinsocialsituations.e.g.,Bruch,Heimburg,Berger,&Collins,1989;Mellings&Alden,2000TestableHypothesesoftheCognitiveModel,cont.Socialphobicsgeneratedistortedobserver-perspectiveimagesofhowtheythinktheyappeartoothers.e.g.,Hackman,Suraway,&C
4、lark,1998;Hackman,Clark,&McManus,2000In-situationsafetyseekingbehaviorsandself-focusedattentionpreventdisconfirmationofsocialphobics’negativebeliefsandmaintainsocialphobia.e.g.,Morgan&Raffle,1999TestableHypothesesoftheCognitiveModel,cont.In-situationsafetybehavi
5、orsandself-focusedattentioncontaminatesocialinteractionsbymakingsocialphobicslessappealingtoothers.e.g.,Alden&Bieling,19986.Socialphobics(reduced)processingofexternalsocialcuesisbiasedinfavorofdetectionandrecallofcuesthatcouldbeinterpretedassignsofdisapprovalfro
6、mothers.e.g.,Veljaca&Rapee,1998TestableHypothesesoftheCognitiveModel,cont.Socialphobicsengageinnegativelybiasedanticipatoryprocessingbeforeenteringfearedsocialsituationsandengageinprolonged,negativelybiased,post-eventprocessing.e.g.,Hinrichsen&Clark,2000;Rachman
7、,Gruter-Andrew,&Shafran,2000AttentionalBiasesinAnxietyPatientsHighlyanxiouspeoplearemoreresponsive&attentivetocuesofthreat.InitialexperimentsshowhighanxiousSsrevealinggreater----In(T,NTpairs)ofwordsorfaces,detectdotfasterwhenlocatedatTspot.Seespiderquickerinarra
8、y.EmotionalStroopinterferencetoTvsNTwordsChoosingToverNTmeaningofambiguouswordswhetherspoken(dye,die)orwritten(growth)Butthesearecorrelations,andperhapsnotcausalforcr
