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1、JournalofWorldTrade37(6):997±1030,2003.#2003KluwerLawInternational.PrintedinTheNetherlands.HowtoWinaWorldTradeOrganizationDisputeBasedonNon-WorldTradeOrganizationLaw?QuestionsofJurisdictionandMeritsJoostPAUWELYN*Therecognitionthatpublicinternationallaw,includingnon-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)t
2、reaties,hasaroletoplayintheWTOhasgainedmomentum.However,whatdoesitmeaninpracticeforlitigantsbeforeaWTOPanel?Isonejustpayinglipservicetoothernon-WTOtreatiestoenhancethelegitimacyoftheWTOorcanaWTOMemberactuallywinorloseadisputebypleadingthisotherlaw?Thatisthequestionexaminedinthisessay.Putdiffer
3、ently,canthedefendantbeforeaWTOPanelsuccessfullyfenceoffaWTOcomplaintbasedonothertreatiesorrulingsfromothercourtsortribunals?Twotypesofcasesarediscussed:First,caseswherenon-WTOlawmayleadaPaneltodeclinejurisdiction;Second,caseswherenon-WTOlawmayeffectivelyjustify,onthemerits,whatwouldotherwiseb
4、eabreachoftheWTOtreaty.INTRODUCTIONIthasbecomestandardpracticeforWTOPanelsandtheAppellateBodytousenon-WTOlawwheninterpretingthemeaningoftermsintheWTOagreement.Suchinterpretationcan,forexample,leadtobroaderGATTexceptions,asinUSÐShrimp,wheretheAppellateBodyinterpretedthewords``exhaustiblenatural
5、resources''inGATTArticleXX(g)withreferencetocertainenvironmentaltreaties.1ItmayalsonarrowthescopeofGATTrulesorexceptions,asshownintheICJCaseConcerningOilPlatforms,whereatreatyprovisionsimilartoGATTArticleXXI(b)(iii)onessentialsecurityinterestswasinterpretedrestrictivelywithreferencetorulesofge
6、neralinternationallawprohibitingtheuseofforce.2Inadditiontotreatyinterpretation,non-*AssociateProfessor,DukeUniversitySchoolofLaw,formerlywiththeLegalAffairsDivisionandtheAppellateBodySecretariatoftheWTO.1AppellateBodyReport,UnitedStatesÐImportProhibitionofCertainShrimpandShrimpProducts(``USÐS
7、hrimp''),WT/DS58/AB/R,adopted6November1998,DSR1998:VII,2755,paras128±132.OntheprocessofinterpretingtheWTOtreatywithreferencetonon-WTOlaw,seeGabrielleMarceau,ACallforCoherenceinInternationalLawÐPraisesfortheProhibitionAgainst``ClinicalIs
