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1、reviewwww.nature.com/clinicalpractice/cardioMechanismsofDisease:Toll-likereceptorsincardiovasculardiseaseStefanFrantz*,GeorgErtlandJohannBauersachsSUMMArYContinuingMedicalEducationonlineMedscape,LLCispleasedtoprovideonlinecontinuingTheinnateimmunesystemdetectshighlyconserved,relativelyinva
2、riantmedicaleducation(CME)forthisjournalarticle,structuralmotifsofpathogens.Toll-likereceptors(TLRs)havebeenallowingclinicianstheopportunitytoearnCMEcredit.identifiedastheprimaryinnateimmunereceptors.TLRsdistinguishMedscape,LLCisaccreditedbytheAccreditationCouncilforContinuingMedicalEducat
3、ion(ACCME)tobetweendifferentpatternsofpathogensandactivatearapidinnateprovideCMEforphysicians.Medscape,LLCdesignatesimmuneresponse;however,TLRscanalsobeactivatedbyhost-derivedthiseducationalactivityforamaximumof1.0AMAPRAmolecules.Inadditiontobeingexpressedinimmunecells,TLRsareCategory1Cred
4、itsTM.Physiciansshouldonlyclaimcreditexpressedinothertissues,suchasthoseofthecardiovascularsystem.TLRscommensuratewiththeextentoftheirparticipationintheactivity.Allotherclinicianscompletingthisactivitywillcould,therefore,beakeylinkbetweencardiovasculardiseasedevelopmentbeissuedacertificate
5、ofparticipation.Toreceivecredit,andtheimmunesystem.Indeed,evidencethatTLRactivationcontributespleasegotohttp://www.medscape.com/cme/ncptothedevelopmentandprogressionofatherosclerosis,cardiacdysfunctionandcompletethepost-test.insepsis,andcongestiveheartfailure,isconvincing.AlthoughmuchLearn
6、ingobjectiveshasbeenlearnedaboutTLRactivationincellularcomponentsoftheUponcompletionofthisactivity,participantsshouldbecardiovascularsystem,theroleindividualTLRfamilymembershaveintheableto:pathophysiologyofcardiovasculardiseasesandhenceinclinicalpractice1DescribethephysiologicpropertiesofT
7、oll-likereceptors(TLRs).remainstobedefined.Herewereviewtherapidprogressthathasbeen2DescribethesignalingpathwaysthatfollowTLRmadeinthisfield,whichhasimprovedourunderstandingofvascularasactivation.wellasmyocardialTLRfunctioninbasicandclinicalscience.3Describethe
