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1、第七章评判性思维和护理临床决策CriticalThinkingandDecision-makinginNursingNursingSchoolofSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversityMainTopics:Whyandwhichthinkingisimportanttonurse?Whatisthedefinitionandcomponentsofcriticalthinkingandwhyitisimportant?Howtoimprovethenurses’criticalthinkingability?What’sclinicalde
2、cisionmakingandhowtomakeclinicaldecisions?SignificanceofNursingThinking思维形态动作思维形象思维(直观思维)抽象思维(逻辑思维)思维探索答案方向求异思维(发散思维)求同思维(聚合思维)思维是否具有新颖性、独创性再生性思维创造性思维Everybodythinksallthedayandallthetime.思维的类型Scenario:It’sTuesday.You’reonthewaytoclassroomandthesethoughtsaregoingthoughyourmind:“Ihaves
3、omuchtodo…anatomy(解剖)testonWednesday,Physiology(生理学)paperdueonThursday.……Ireallywantedtogetahaircut.……DoIreallyhavetoshoptomorrow?……Hey,whataninterestinglookingmanthatisonthecorner.……I’mstarving……WhatcanIeat?”AimlessthinkingThinkPurposefullyDialecticallyDynamicallyCriticallyInitiative
4、ly评判性思维(criticalthinking)20世纪30年代德国法兰克福学派创立一种批判理论和思维方式70年代开始运用于教学本质是反思能力和建设性批判精神History80年代初,被引入护理护理科学的理论基础和哲学基础1992年,美国护理联盟(theNationalLeagueforNursing,NLN)把评判性思维列入评审护理学院的必须标准。护理科学的理论基础和哲学基础评判性思维(criticalthinking)HistoryOneofthecorecompetenciesOneofthehottopicsBandman(1988):“theratio
5、nalexaminationofideas,inferences,assumptions,principles,arguments,conclusions,issues,statements,beliefs,andactions.”评判性思维(criticalthinking)Definitions“对思想、推理、假设、原则、争议、结论、问题、说明、信念和行动的理性检验。”Kozieretal(2000):Critical:not“eagertofindfault”but“capableofjudgingcarefullyandaccurately.”Thinki
6、ng:tohaveanopinion,toreflecton,tocalltomind,todevisebythinking,toformamentalpictureof(image),toreason.评判性思维(criticalthinking)Definitions“评判性的”不是指“急于发现问题”,而是指“仔细地、正确地判断能力”;“思维”是指有思想、有反思、有回忆、有设计发明、有想象和有推理。Kozieretal(2000):Criticalthinking:“apurposefulmentalactivityinwhichideasareproduce
7、dandevaluated,plansmade,anddesiredconclusionsdetermined.”评判性思维(criticalthinking)Definitions“一个有目的的、产生思想并对其进行评价,制定计划和确定理想结论的智力活动过程。”Alfaro-LeFevre(1999):Entailspurposeful,outcome-directed(results-oriented)thinking.Isdrivenbypatient,family,andcommunityneeds.Isbasedonprinciplesofnursingp
8、roces