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1、AdvancesinSpaceResearch40(2007)1332–1338www.elsevier.com/locate/asrTheINCLmodelforspallationreactionsbelow10GeVa,*a,bccacc,dJ.Cugnon,Th.Aoust,A.Boudard,J.-C.David,S.Pedoux,S.Leray,Y.YarivaUniversityofLie`ge,alle´edu6Aouˆt17,baˆt.B5,B-4000Lie`ge1,Belgi
2、umbSCK-CEN,Boeretang200,B-2400Mol,BelgiumcDAPNIA/SPhN,CEA-Saclay,F-91191Gif-sur-YvetteCedex,FrancedSoreqNRC,Yavne81800,IsraelReceived2November2006;receivedinrevisedform27December2006;accepted8January2007AbstractTheLie`geintranuclearcascade(INCL)modeli
3、sshortlypresented.Thepredictivepowerofitsstandardversionconcerningthedescriptionofnucleon-inducedspallationreactionsinthe200MeVto2GeVrangeofincidentenergyisindicated.Currentimprove-mentsofthemodel,inparticularitsextensiontohigherenergies,areemphasized
4、.Thecapabilitiesofthemodelforpossibleapplicationsinastrophysics,spaceresearchandprotontherapyarepointedout.Ó2007COSPAR.PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Spallationreactions;Intranuclearcascademodel;Radioprotectionfromcosmicrays1.Introd
5、uctionthespallationtargetisthemostprofitableforprotonbeamsofanenergyaround1GeV.Moreprecisely,theSpallationreactionsinducedbyeithernucleonsorlightnumberofemittedneutronsperincidentprotonanddivid-chargednucleibetween100MeVand2GeVarebestedbytheprotonene
6、rgy,aparameterwhichisbasicallydescribedbytheintranuclearcascade(INC)plusevapora-proportionaltothe‘‘cost’’ofproductionofaneutron,tionmodel.Therehasbeeninthelastdecadearenewedshowsabroadmaximumaroundthisenergy(Vassil’kovinterestinthestudyofsuchreactions
7、,triggeredbytheandYurevich,1991).Thedetaileddesignofthespallationappearanceofprojectsforaccelerator-drivensystemsortarget,includingradiotoxicityaspectsandchemicalorADS(Gudowski,1999).Thesedevicesareexpectedtobemechanicalbehaviourunderirradiation,requi
8、resadetailedabletoincineratenuclearwastes.Theywillbecomposedknowledgeofthetransportofparticlesinsidethetarget,ofanacceleratordeliveringahigh-intensitybeamofpro-whichinturnrequiresgoodmodelsfortheelementarypar-tonsonaspallationtarget,basicallya
