弹性力学基础-中英

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1、Elastic-plasticMechanicsofMaterialsMing-anCHEN（陈明安）SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringCentralSouthUniversity教材与主要参考书《弹性力学》（上册，第三版）徐芝纶编高等教育出版社《弹性理论》铁木辛柯（Timoshenko）编科学出版社《弹性力学》吴家龙编同济大学出版社《弹性力学学习方法及解题指导》王俊民编同济大学出版社《弹性与塑性力学》（例题与习题）徐秉业编机械工业出版社《弹性与塑性力学基础》哈尔滨工业大学出版社王仲仁编•Typicaltensilespecimen•Typic

2、altensiletestmachinegaugelength(portionofsamplewithreducedcrosssection)Chapt.1Introduction§1.1Elasticityandplasticity（弹性与塑性）1.STRESS-STRAINTESTING（应力－应变曲线拉伸试验）gaugelength=2.ELASTICDEFORMATIONandELASTICITY（弹性变形与弹性）Elasticmeansreversible!Itisreversibleandtimeindependent.Thedeformationvanishesinsta

3、ntaneouslyassoonasforcesareremoved.3.PLASTICDEFORMATION(METALS)andPLASTICITY（塑性变形与塑性）Plasticmeanspermanent!Plasticdeformation---itisirreversibleorpermanent.OABCDEelasticregionyieldstrength屈服应力屈服强度plasticregionultimatetensilestrength抗拉强度breakingstrengthStrainhardening加工(应变)硬化Flowstress流动应力Strainh

4、ardeningexponent(n)加工硬化指数BauschingereffectStrain-ratesensitivity(m)©2003Brooks/Cole,adivisionofThomsonLearning,Inc.ThomsonLearning™isatrademarkusedhereinunderlicense.ThetensiontestisthestandardtestfordetermineE,theelasticorYoung’smodulus.Testthatloadacylindricalspecimenintorsionareusedtomeasuret

5、heshearmodulusG.KnowingEandG,Poisson’sratiomaybeobtainedfromtherelationshipwederivedintheprevioussection.杨氏（弹性）模量EMetalsAlloysGraphiteCeramicsSemicondPolymersComposites/fibersE(GPa)BasedondatainTableB2,Callister6e.Compositedatabasedonreinforcedepoxywith60vol%ofalignedcarbon(CFRE),aramid(AFRE),or

6、glass(GFRE)fibers.YOUNG’SMODULI:COMPARISON•Plastictensilestrainatfailure:•Anotherductilitymeasure:•Note:%ARand%ELareoftencomparable.--Reason:crystalslipdoesnotchangematerialvolume.--%AR>%ELpossibleifinternalvoidsforminneck.4.Ductileandbrittlematerials（韧性与脆性材料）•Energytobreakaunitvolumeofmaterial•

7、Approximatebytheareaunderthestress-straincurve.TOUGHNESS（韧性）Low-carbon(mild)steelisdifferentfrommostothermetalsinthatthereisasuddensmalldropofloadattheyieldpointfollowedbyanextensionatconstantstress.Thelowerloadisusuallyrefe