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1、34第一課健康與疾病(Healthanddiseases)1.1Somefactorsaffectinghealth一些影響健康的因素﹕Definitionofhealth健康的定義：Healthisastateofcompletephysical,mentalandsocialwell-beingandnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseorinfirmity.健康是指體能、精神及社交上都在良好的狀態，而非單指身體並非虛弱或沒有疾病。Thecommonfactorsthataffecthealthare:影響身體健康的因素如下：
2、1.Diet膳食。2.Exerciseandrest運動和休息。3.Alcoholordrugabuse酗酒與吸毒。4.Infectionofpathogens病原體的感染。5.Thepreventionandcontroloftransmissiblediseases預防疾病的傳染。6.Ahealthlivinghabit健康的生活習慣。7.Stateofmind,beingoptimisticorpessimistic心境，樂觀定悲觀。1.2Diet膳食﹕Abalanceddietshouldcontainenoughcarbohydrates,
3、proteinandsfats(6:3:1)andenoughvitamins,mineralsandwatersoastomaintainhealth,growthandrepair,withenoughroughagetostimulatetheperistalsisofguts.均衡飲食是指膳食中含有足夠的碳水化合物、蛋白質和脂肪(6:3:1)及足夠的維生素和水分以維持健康及生長，有足夠的食用纖維刺激腸的蠕動。Nutritivefoodshouldprovide:(1)vitamins,(2)minerals,(3)dietaryfibre.有
4、益的食物應提供：(1)維生素、(2)礦物質、(3)食用纖維。Whydoweneedabalanceddiet?為甚麼膳食要均衡?Abalanceddietmaintainsgoodhealthandsuppliestherightamountofenergyforbodyactivity.為了保持體魄，並為活動提供所需的。34Whatwillbetheadverseeffecttohealthwhentakingmoreenergythanweneed?攝取過多的能量對身體健康有什麼不利的影響﹖Takinginmoreenergythanweneed
5、willleadtoweightgainorevenobesity.Takinginlessenergythanweneedwillresultinathinandunhealthybody.攝取過多的能量會使體重，甚至導致。攝取的能量不足會導致營養，使身體變得和不健康。Whatwillbethehealthproblemofimproperdiet?膳食不當會引起什麼的健康問題﹖Ifwetakeincontaminatedfoodregularly,orconsumesfoodthatcontainsexcessivefat,sugar,orsod
6、ium,weareverylikelytohavelong-termhealthproblems.如果我們經常進食受污染的食物，或進食含有太多脂肪、糖分及鈉質的食物，我們易患上長期。Forcontaminatedfood,thehealthconsequencesare:吃了受污染的食物，對健康的影響如下：Taenia絛蟲areaofproliferation–comprisingnewlyformedsegments增生區-由新近生出的節片組成suckers吸盤hooks鈎proglottid–eachishermaphroditewithathi
7、ckcuticle節片-雌雄同體，覆有角質層1.Thefoodmaycontainpathogens,e.g.parasites.Parasites,liketapeworm,liveinthepatient’sbodyandobtainnutrientsattheexpenseofhim.Thepatientsuffersfrommalnutrition,becomesweakerandlosesweight.Thetapewormsirritatetheintestineanddamagetheintestinalwallbytheirhooks
8、andsuckers.Theyhavetoberemovedbyoperation.絛蟲34有些食物含有如寄
