《化学醇酚和醚》PPT课件

《《化学醇酚和醚》PPT课件》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Alcohols,PhenolsandEthersBasedonMcMurry’sFundmentalsofOrganicChemistry,5thedition,Chapter8LectureOutletNamingalcohols,phenolsðersPhysicalpropertiesofalcohols,phenolsðersBoilingpoint--HydrogenbondingAcidityPreparationofalcoholsHydrationofalkenesReductionofc

2、arbonylcompounds(aldehydes,ketones,carboxylicacids,esters)ReactionsofalcoholsDehydrationofalcohols2Alcohols,Phenols&EthersAlcoholscontainanOHgroupconnectedtoaasaturatedC(sp3)PhenolscontainanOHgroupconnectedtoacarboninabenzeneringEthershaveanoxygenatombondedtotwo

3、organicgroups(alkyl,aryl,vinyl)Methanol,CH3OH,calledmethylalcohol,isacommonsolvent,aflavoringagent,producedinlargequantitiesEthanol,CH3CH2OH,calledethylalcohol,isasolvent,afueladditive,abeveragePhenol,C6H5OHhasdiverseuses-itgivesitsnametothegeneralclassofcompoun

4、dsDiethylether,CH3OCH3hasmedicaluseasananestheticagent310.1NamingAlcoholsGeneralclassificationsofalcoholsbasedonsubstitutiononCtowhichOHisattachedMethyl(Chas3H’s,CH3OH),Primary(1°,RCH2OH)(ChastwoH’s,oneR),secondary(2°,R2CHOH)(ChasoneH,twoR’s),tertiary(3°,R3COH)(

5、ChasnoH,3R’s)410.1.2IUPACRulesforNamingAlcoholsSelectthelongestcarbonchaincontainingthehydroxylgroup,andderivetheparentnamebyreplacingthe-eendingofthecorrespondingalkanewith-olNumberthecarbonsoftheparentchainfromtheendnearerthehydroxylgroupNumberallsubstituentsa

6、ccordingtopositiononthechain,listingthesubstituentsinalphabeticalorder5ManyAlcoholsHaveCommonNamesTheseareacceptedbyIUPAC610.1.2NamingPhenolsThewordphenolisusedbothasthenameofaspecificsubstance(hydroxybenzene)andasthefamilynameforallhydroxy-substitutedaromaticco

7、mpounds.NumberothersubstituentsonthearomaticringbytheirpositionfromOHsothatthelowestpossiblenumberisused.710.1.3NamingEthersSimpleethersarenamedbyidentifyingthetwoorganicsubstituentsandaddingthewordetherIfmorethanoneetherlinkage,orotherfunctionalgroupsarepresent

8、,theetherpartisconsideredasanalkoxysubstituentontheparentcompound8PracticeProblemsGiveIUPACnamesforthefollowingcompounds910.2PreparationofAlchols:anOverviewAlcoholsar