Grammar1 (2)

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1、GRAMMAR虚拟语气（上）[想一想]请观察下列几组句子，想一想其中谓语动词的用法有何特点。1.a.IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldlendittoyou.b.Ifhehadtakenyouradvice,hewouldn’thavemadesuchabadmistake.c.Ifhewere/shouldbe/weretobegivenanotherchance,hecouldcertainlydoamuchbetterjob.2.a.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,wewouldbeinserioustrouble.b.Hadwestartedabite

2、arlier,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain.c.ShouldheleaveforParistoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.3.a.IwishIhadmoretime.b.Iwishyouhadn’ttoldmeallthis.c.Iwishyouwouldstayalittlelonger.4.a.Hetalksasthoughheknewwhereshewas.b.HetalkedaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeentherehimself.c.Youlookasifyoudidn’tcare.[讲一讲]虚拟语气表示说

3、话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句、让步从句和名词性从句中。通过观察、分析以上几组例句，我们可以发现与之相对应的虚拟语气用法原则：一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法：1.与现在事实相反或实现可能性不大：从句的谓语用动词的过去式，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。注意：be的过去式通常用were。2.与过去事实相反：从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。3.与将来事实相反：从句的谓语可以用动词的过去式，也可用wereto/should+动词原形

4、，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。4.当从句谓语中有were/had/should时，可将if省略，而将were/had/should提前。二、虚拟语气在wish的宾语从句中的用法：在wish后的宾语从句中，谓语用法如下：1.表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用动词过去式；2.表示过去没有实现的愿望，从句的谓语用had+过去分词；3.表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。三、虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中的用法：在以asif/asthough引导的表语从句或状语从句中的谓语

5、形式：表示现在情况时用动词过去式，表示过去情况时用had+过去分词。不过，asif/asthough引导的从句如果是事实或可能性很大时，多用陈述语气，特别是在句型“Itlooksasif.../Itseemsasif...”中，用陈述语气较常见。如：Itseemsasiftheteacherisnotsatisfiedwithourperformance.Bettertakeanumbrellawithyou.Itlooksasifabigstormisjustaroundthecorner.[练一练]用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Hadtheweatherbeengood,we___

6、__(go)outforawalk.2.Ifthere_____(be)anychangeaboutthedate,Iwouldinformyouintime.3.IfI_____(leave)sooner,I’dhavecaughtthebus.4.WeallwishthatourEnglishteacher_____(join)usinthegame.5._____(be)Itodothework,Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.6.HadIturnedofftheelectricheater,thehouse_____(notcatch)fire.7.Theboy

7、canplayfootballsowellasifhe_____(train)foryears.8.Ifyou_____(come)yesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.参考答案:Key:1.would/could/should/mighthavegone2.weretobe/shouldbe/were3.hadleft4.would/couldjoin5.